CMS - Intro/Certified > US & Canada > Flashcards

US & Canada Flashcards

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1
Q

What does AVA stand for in US wine law?

A

American Viticultural Area

AVAs are designated regions in the United States for wine production.

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2
Q

AVAs are defined mainly by what: quality rules or geography?

A

Geography

AVAs focus on geographical boundaries rather than specific quality regulations.

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3
Q

What minimum % of grapes must come from an AVA to list it on label?

A

85%

This percentage ensures that the majority of the wine’s grapes are sourced from the specified AVA.

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4
Q

What minimum % of grapes must come from a US state to use that state on label?

A

75%

This requirement allows for the labeling of wine from a specific state.

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5
Q

What minimum % of a grape variety is needed to varietally label in most US states?

A

75%

This ensures that the wine predominantly features the named grape variety.

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6
Q

Which federal agency approves AVAs?

A

TTB

The Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau is responsible for approving AVA designations.

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7
Q

Does an AVA regulate yields and varieties by law?

A

No

AVAs do not impose legal restrictions on the types of grapes or the amount produced.

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8
Q

Does “estate bottled” require vineyards and winery in the same AVA?

A

Yes

This designation ensures that the wine is produced from grapes grown on the same estate.

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9
Q

Are nested AVAs allowed (small within larger)?

A

Yes

Nested AVAs can exist within larger AVAs to provide more specific geographic designations.

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10
Q

Which ocean strongly influences West Coast climate?

A

Pacific

The Pacific Ocean has a significant impact on the climate and growing conditions of West Coast vineyards.

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11
Q

What type of current runs along the California coast: warm or cold?

A

Cold

The cold ocean currents help moderate temperatures in coastal wine regions.

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12
Q

Coastal fog in California generally moves inland from which direction?

A

West

The fog typically rolls in from the Pacific Ocean, cooling coastal vineyards.

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13
Q

Fog and cool breezes make which vineyards cooler: coastal or inland?

A

Coastal

Coastal vineyards benefit from the moderating effects of fog and breezes.

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14
Q

Inland valleys like Central Valley are generally hotter or cooler than coast?

A

Hotter

The Central Valley experiences higher temperatures compared to coastal areas.

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15
Q

Does altitude increase or decrease vineyard temperatures in West Coast?

A

Decrease

Higher altitudes typically lead to cooler temperatures in vineyards.

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16
Q

The Cascade Range creates a rain shadow for which states?

A
  • Oregon
  • Washington

The rain shadow effect results in drier conditions east of the Cascades.

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17
Q

West of the Cascades is generally wet or dry?

A

Wet

This region receives more precipitation due to orographic lift.

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18
Q

East of the Cascades is generally wet or dry?

A

Dry

The eastern side of the range experiences significantly less rainfall.

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19
Q

Columbia Valley vineyards are mostly east or west of the Cascades?

A

East

The Columbia Valley is located in the drier region east of the Cascade Range.

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20
Q

Willamette Valley lies west or east of the Cascades?

A

West

The Willamette Valley is known for its cooler climate and fertile soils.

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21
Q

Puget Sound AVA lies west or east of the Cascades?

A

West

The Puget Sound AVA is located in the wetter, coastal region.

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22
Q

Napa Valley climate: Mediterranean, maritime, or continental?

A

Mediterranean

The Mediterranean climate is characterized by warm, dry summers and mild, wet winters.

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23
Q

Is southern Napa cooler or warmer than northern Napa?

A

Cooler

The influence of the San Pablo Bay moderates temperatures in southern Napa.

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24
Q

What cool bay influences southern Napa and Sonoma Carneros?

A

San Pablo Bay

The bay’s cooling effect is crucial for grape growing in these regions.

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25
Santa Barbara valleys run mainly in which direction?
East–West ## Footnote This orientation allows for the funneling of cool ocean air.
26
East–West valleys in Santa Barbara funnel in what from the **Pacific**?
Cool air/fog ## Footnote The cool air helps to moderate temperatures in the valleys.
27
Central Coast regions like **Monterey** are cooled by which bay?
Monterey Bay ## Footnote The bay's influence helps maintain cooler temperatures for vineyards.
28
Central Valley of California climate: cool or hot?
Hot ## Footnote The Central Valley is known for its high temperatures, ideal for certain grape varieties.
29
Most **Washington** vineyards rely on irrigation from which river?
Columbia ## Footnote The Columbia River is a key water source for vineyards in Washington.
30
Napa Valley is in which **US state**?
California ## Footnote Napa Valley is one of the most famous wine regions in the United States.
31
Sonoma County is in which **US state**?
California ## Footnote Sonoma County is known for its diverse wine production and scenic landscapes.
32
Monterey County is in which **US state**?
California ## Footnote Monterey County is known for its diverse agricultural production and scenic coastline.
33
Santa Barbara County is in which **US state**?
California ## Footnote Santa Barbara County is famous for its wine production and beautiful beaches.
34
Paso Robles is in which **US state**?
California ## Footnote Paso Robles is renowned for its wine industry, particularly red wines.
35
Willamette Valley is in which **US state**?
Oregon ## Footnote Willamette Valley is known for its Pinot Noir production.
36
Columbia Valley AVA is mainly in which **two states**?
* Washington * Oregon ## Footnote Columbia Valley is a significant wine-producing region in the Pacific Northwest.
37
Walla Walla Valley AVA is in which **two states**?
* Washington * Oregon ## Footnote Walla Walla Valley is recognized for its high-quality red wines.
38
Yakima Valley is in which **US state**?
Washington ## Footnote Yakima Valley is one of the oldest wine regions in Washington State.
39
Puget Sound AVA is in which **US state**?
Washington ## Footnote Puget Sound AVA is known for its cool climate and diverse grape varieties.
40
Napa’s signature **red grape variety**?
Cabernet Sauvignon ## Footnote Napa Valley is famous for producing some of the world's best Cabernet Sauvignon.
41
Sonoma’s Russian River Valley signature **red grape**?
Pinot Noir ## Footnote The cool climate of Russian River Valley is ideal for growing Pinot Noir.
42
Sonoma’s Russian River Valley signature **white grape**?
Chardonnay ## Footnote Chardonnay from this region is known for its quality and complexity.
43
Dry Creek Valley’s signature **red grape**?
Zinfandel ## Footnote Dry Creek Valley is recognized for its old vine Zinfandel production.
44
Alexander Valley’s key **red grape**?
Cabernet Sauvignon ## Footnote Alexander Valley is known for its rich and full-bodied Cabernet Sauvignon.
45
Carneros’ two key **grapes**?
* Pinot Noir * Chardonnay ## Footnote Carneros is a shared AVA between Napa and Sonoma, known for its cool climate.
46
Monterey (cooler parts) key **white grape**?
Chardonnay ## Footnote The cooler climate in Monterey allows for high-quality Chardonnay production.
47
Monterey (cooler parts) key **red grape**?
Pinot Noir ## Footnote Pinot Noir thrives in the cooler regions of Monterey.
48
Paso Robles’ main **red grape**?
Cabernet Sauvignon ## Footnote Paso Robles is known for its diverse range of red wines, with Cabernet Sauvignon being prominent.
49
Paso Robles also excels in which **Rhône red trio** (abbrev.)?
GSM ## Footnote GSM stands for Grenache, Syrah, and Mourvèdre, which are popular in Paso Robles.
50
Santa Barbara’s Sta. Rita Hills key **red grape**?
Pinot Noir ## Footnote Sta. Rita Hills is known for its exceptional Pinot Noir due to its unique climate.
51
Sta. Rita Hills key **white grape**?
Chardonnay ## Footnote Chardonnay from Sta. Rita Hills is highly regarded for its quality.
52
Santa Maria Valley key **red grape**?
Pinot Noir ## Footnote Santa Maria Valley is recognized for producing high-quality Pinot Noir.
53
Santa Ynez Valley warmer zones focus on which **red grape group**?
Rhône reds ## Footnote The warmer climate in these zones is suitable for Rhône varietals.
54
Classic Napa Valley **white varieties** (two)?
* Chardonnay * Sauvignon Blanc ## Footnote These varieties are staples in Napa Valley's wine production.
55
Classic Sonoma Coast **white grape**?
Chardonnay ## Footnote Sonoma Coast is known for its cool climate, which is ideal for Chardonnay.
56
Classic Sonoma Coast **red grape**?
Pinot Noir ## Footnote The cool coastal climate enhances the quality of Pinot Noir in Sonoma Coast.
57
Napa AVA known for “dusty” **Cabernets**?
Rutherford ## Footnote Rutherford is famous for its distinctive style of Cabernet Sauvignon.
58
Napa AVA between Rutherford and Oak Knoll, famed for **Cabs and Merlot**?
Oakville ## Footnote Oakville is known for producing high-quality Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot.
59
Napa AVA on eastern hillsides known for structured **Cabs**?
Howell Mountain ## Footnote Howell Mountain is recognized for its bold and structured Cabernet Sauvignon.
60
Napa AVA known for elegant **Cabs** on east side valley floor?
Stags Leap District ## Footnote Stags Leap District is celebrated for its refined Cabernet Sauvignon.
61
Napa’s shared cool AVA with Sonoma for **Pinot and Chardonnay**?
Carneros ## Footnote Carneros is known for its cool climate, ideal for these varietals.
62
Sonoma AVA known for old vine **Zin and SB**?
Dry Creek Valley ## Footnote Dry Creek Valley is famous for its old vine Zinfandel and Sauvignon Blanc.
63
Sonoma AVA known for **Cab and Merlot** inland and warm?
Alexander Valley ## Footnote Alexander Valley is recognized for its warm climate, suitable for Cabernet and Merlot.
64
Sonoma AVA famous for cool **Pinot and Chard** and fog influence?
Russian River Valley ## Footnote The fog in this region helps maintain acidity in the grapes.
65
Broad, cool coastal AVA spanning much of Sonoma’s **coast**?
Sonoma Coast ## Footnote Sonoma Coast is known for its diverse microclimates and grape varieties.
66
Napa & Sonoma both lie in which larger **California super AVA**?
North Coast ## Footnote North Coast encompasses several prominent wine regions in California.
67
Monterey and Santa Barbara lie in which larger **California super AVA**?
Central Coast ## Footnote Central Coast is known for its varied climates and wine styles.
68
Paso Robles lies in which **California county**?
San Luis Obispo ## Footnote San Luis Obispo County is known for its diverse agricultural production.
69
Monterey’s cool wind is driven up which **valley**?
Salinas Valley ## Footnote Salinas Valley is crucial for the agricultural output of the region.
70
Monterey AVA known for premium **Pinot and Chardonnay** on benchlands?
Santa Lucia Highlands ## Footnote Santa Lucia Highlands is recognized for its high-quality cool-climate wines.
71
Santa Barbara’s coolest **Pinot AVA** near the ocean?
Sta. Rita Hills ## Footnote Sta. Rita Hills is known for its cool climate, ideal for growing Pinot Noir.
72
Santa Barbara’s large **AVA** that includes Sta. Rita Hills?
Santa Ynez Valley ## Footnote Santa Ynez Valley encompasses several smaller AVAs, including Sta. Rita Hills.
73
Northernmost major **West Coast wine state**?
Washington ## Footnote Washington is recognized for its diverse wine regions and varietals.
74
Southernmost major **West Coast wine state**?
California ## Footnote California is the largest wine-producing state in the U.S.
75
Key signature **red grape** of Willamette Valley?
Pinot Noir ## Footnote Willamette Valley is renowned for its high-quality Pinot Noir production.
76
Two key **white grapes** of Willamette Valley?
* Pinot Gris * Chardonnay ## Footnote These varietals thrive in the Willamette Valley's climate.
77
Oregon **AVA** famous for quality Pinot Noir west of Cascades?
Willamette Valley ## Footnote Willamette Valley is a prominent wine region known for its Pinot Noir.
78
Sub **AVA** of Willamette known for red volcanic soils?
Dundee Hills ## Footnote Dundee Hills is recognized for its unique terroir and high-quality wines.
79
Columbia Valley climate: **maritime** or **continental**?
Continental ## Footnote The continental climate contributes to the region's distinct wine characteristics.
80
Columbia Valley is mostly **irrigated** or **dry farmed**?
Irrigated ## Footnote Irrigation is essential for grape growing in the Columbia Valley.
81
Columbia Valley main **red grapes** (two)?
* Cabernet Sauvignon * Merlot ## Footnote These varietals are prominent in the Columbia Valley's wine production.
82
Columbia Valley main **white grapes** (two)?
* Chardonnay * Riesling ## Footnote Chardonnay and Riesling are key white varietals in the region.
83
Yakima Valley is a sub **AVA** of which larger AVA?
Columbia Valley ## Footnote Yakima Valley is known for its diverse grape production.
84
Yakima Valley produces which key **aromatic white**?
Riesling ## Footnote Riesling is a signature varietal of the Yakima Valley.
85
Yakima Valley also produces which two **Bordeaux reds**?
* Cabernet * Merlot ## Footnote These varietals are commonly grown in Yakima Valley.
86
Walla Walla Valley’s key **red grapes** (two)?
* Cabernet * Syrah ## Footnote Walla Walla is known for its robust red wines.
87
Puget Sound AVA climate: **cool maritime** or **hot continental**?
Cool maritime ## Footnote The cool maritime climate influences the types of grapes grown in the region.
88
Puget Sound AVA rainfall: **high** or **low**?
High ## Footnote The high rainfall contributes to the lush landscape of the Puget Sound region.
89
Puget Sound focuses on cool climate whites like Müller Thurgau and which grape starting with **S**?
Siegerrebe ## Footnote Siegerrebe is a lesser-known varietal that thrives in cool climates.
90
Washington’s vineyard heartland: **west** or **east** of Cascades?
East ## Footnote The eastern side of the Cascades is where most of Washington's vineyards are located.
91
Oregon’s Willamette Valley: **west** or **east** of Cascades?
West ## Footnote Willamette Valley is situated on the western side of the Cascades.
92
In California, is coastal Sonoma **cooler** or **warmer** than inland Sonoma?
Cooler ## Footnote The coastal influence moderates temperatures in coastal Sonoma.
93
In Napa, is Carneros **cooler** or **warmer** than Calistoga?
Cooler ## Footnote Carneros benefits from cooler coastal breezes compared to Calistoga.
94
In Santa Barbara, is Sta. Rita Hills **cooler** or **warmer** than Happy Canyon?
Cooler ## Footnote The proximity to the ocean keeps Sta. Rita Hills cooler.
95
In Washington, which AVA is **wetter**: Puget Sound or Yakima Valley?
Puget Sound ## Footnote Puget Sound receives significantly more rainfall than Yakima Valley.
96
In Oregon/Washington, which side is **drier**: east or west of Cascades?
East ## Footnote The eastern side of the Cascades is typically much drier.
97
Which state: **Columbia Valley, Walla Walla, Yakima, Puget Sound**?
Washington ## Footnote These AVAs are all located within the state of Washington.
98
Which state: **Willamette, Rogue, Umpqua, Columbia Gorge**?
Oregon ## Footnote These AVAs are prominent wine regions in Oregon.
99
Central Coast California is between which two big **cities**?
San Francisco, Los Angeles ## Footnote The Central Coast region is known for its diverse wine production.
100
Monterey, Paso Robles, and Santa Barbara are part of which large **AVA**?
Central Coast ## Footnote Central Coast encompasses a variety of wine regions with different climates.
101
Napa and Sonoma are part of which large **AVA**?
North Coast ## Footnote AVA stands for American Viticultural Area, a designated wine grape-growing region.
102
Washington’s most planted **red grape**?
Cabernet Sauvignon ## Footnote This grape variety is known for its depth of flavor and aging potential.
103
Washington’s classic **white grape**, especially in Yakima and Columbia?
Riesling ## Footnote Riesling is appreciated for its aromatic qualities and versatility.
104
Oregon’s most planted **red grape**?
Pinot Noir ## Footnote Pinot Noir is known for its complexity and is a key varietal in Oregon's wine production.
105
Oregon’s classic **white grape** besides Chardonnay?
Pinot Gris ## Footnote Pinot Gris is known for its crispness and fruit-forward flavors.
106
California’s most planted **red grape**?
Cabernet Sauvignon ## Footnote This grape is synonymous with California's premium wine production.
107
California’s most planted **white grape**?
Chardonnay ## Footnote Chardonnay is versatile and can be produced in various styles.
108
Region known for old vine **Zinfandel**: Russian River or Dry Creek?
Dry Creek ## Footnote Dry Creek is famous for its robust and fruit-forward Zinfandel wines.
109
Region known for “dusty” **Cabernet** and Rutherford benchlands?
Rutherford ## Footnote Rutherford is recognized for its distinctive terroir that influences Cabernet Sauvignon.
110
Region known for Napa “first growths” like **To Kalon vineyards**?
Oakville ## Footnote Oakville is home to some of the most prestigious wineries in Napa Valley.
111
Region known for high acid, ageworthy **Riesling** in South Australia analogue—but here in US? (State only)
Washington ## Footnote Washington's climate is conducive to producing high-quality Riesling.
112
West Coast state with highest overall **wine production**?
California ## Footnote California dominates the U.S. wine industry in both volume and quality.
113
West Coast state with **Pinot** focused cool climate west of Cascades?
Oregon ## Footnote Oregon's climate is ideal for growing Pinot Noir and other cool-climate varietals.
114
West Coast state with most **vineyards** in arid interior east of Cascades?
Washington ## Footnote Washington's diverse geography supports a wide range of grape varieties.
115
Which coast: **Napa**, Sonoma, Central Coast?
West Coast ## Footnote These regions are all located along the Pacific Coast of the United States.
116
For CMS, main grape for **Napa Cabs**?
Cabernet Sauvignon ## Footnote Napa Valley is renowned for its exceptional Cabernet Sauvignon wines.
117
For CMS, main grape for **Sonoma Coast** and Russian River reds?
Pinot Noir ## Footnote Sonoma's cooler climate is ideal for producing high-quality Pinot Noir.
118
For CMS, main grape for **Santa Barbara’s Sta. Rita Hills**?
Pinot Noir ## Footnote This region is known for its cool climate and exceptional Pinot Noir production.
119
For CMS, main grape for **Paso Robles** in premium category?
Cabernet Sauvignon ## Footnote Paso Robles is recognized for its bold and rich Cabernet Sauvignon.
120
For CMS, main grape for **Willamette Valley**?
Pinot Noir ## Footnote Willamette Valley is celebrated for its high-quality Pinot Noir wines.
121
For CMS, main red style for **Hawke’s Bay** in New Zealand; what’s US analogue region? (Just answer US region.)
Napa (or Washington Cab) ## Footnote Hawke's Bay is known for its Bordeaux-style blends, similar to Napa.
122
For CMS, main red style for **Walla Walla**?
Cabernet blends ## Footnote Walla Walla is known for its rich and complex Cabernet blends.
123
For CMS, main white style for **Puget Sound**?
Cool climate whites ## Footnote Puget Sound's climate supports a variety of cool climate white varietals.
124
For CMS, main white grape for **Napa** if asked?
Chardonnay ## Footnote Napa Valley produces a wide range of Chardonnay styles.
125
For CMS, main white grape for **Sonoma’s Russian River**?
Chardonnay ## Footnote Russian River is known for its exceptional Chardonnay production.
126
For CMS, principal grape of **Central Otago (NZ)** vs Willamette (US)? (US region answer only)
Willamette Pinot Noir ## Footnote Central Otago is known for its Pinot Noir, similar to Willamette Valley.
127
Columbia Valley & Yakima Valley: rely primarily on **rainfall** or **irrigation**?
Irrigation ## Footnote These regions often require irrigation due to their arid climate.
128
Which Washington **AVA** is closest to Seattle?
Puget Sound ## Footnote Puget Sound AVA is known for its cool climate and diverse grape varieties.
129
Which Oregon **AVA** surrounds Portland?
Willamette Valley ## Footnote Willamette Valley is a prominent wine region known for its Pinot Noir.
130
Which climate driver explains Napa’s cooler south and warmer north?
Bay fog gradient ## Footnote The bay fog influences temperature variations across Napa Valley.
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