EXAM Flashcards by Vivianne Woodring

tariff passed in an attempt to hurt John Quincy Adams’s presidency

Tariff of Abominations

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John Quincy Adams’s vice president

John C. Calhoun

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name for Andrew Jackson’s trusted advisors

the Kitchen Cabinet

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frontiersmen who had claimed and cleared land without legal title to it

squatters

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Jackson’s funding and authority to remove Native Americans

Indian Removal Act

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two Native American tribes who peacefully agreed to move after signing treaties

Choctaw and Chickasaw

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journey of the Cherokees to the Oklahoma territory

Trail of Tears

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state that nullified the Tariff of Abominations

South Carolina

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along with the Tariff of 1833, which lowered tariff rates over 10 years, _______ was adopted to give the president the right to use military force

Force Bill

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Andrew Jackson’s Secretary of the Treasury

Roger Taney

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said that all public land in the US would be paid for with gold or silver only

Specie Circular

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nickname for Andrew Jackson because of his colorful presidency

“Old Hickory”

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president who established the independent treasury system

Martin Van Buren

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the right to vote

suffrage

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a system of government that gives the best government jobs to those who supported the winning candidate as a political favor

“spoils” system

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private meeting of a party to determine candidates

caucus (then changed to conventions)

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president with the slogan, “Tippecanoe and Tyler Too”

William Henry Harrison

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first president to die in office

William Henry Harrison

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treaty that officially set the border between Canada and Maine

Webster-Ashburton Treaty

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decade the Second Great Awakening peaked

1850s

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year the first American missionaries went to Hawaii

1820

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spiritual decline before the Second Great Awakening was most evident in _____

the West

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led and organized the circuit riders

Francis Asbury

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led camp-meeting revivals

James McGready

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most famous camp meeting revival was in _____

Cane Ridge, Kentucky

founded the AME (African Methodist Episcopal) church, the first black American denomination

Richard Allen

best-known and most popular evangelist of the Second Great Awakening

Charles G. Finney

one of America's greatest contributions to music

Negro spiritual

founded the first Sunday school in New York to educate poor women and children

Catherine Ferguson

founded America's first foreign missions board, the American Board

Samuel Mills

Father of American Missions

Adoniram Judson (missionary to Burma)

Father of West African Missions

Lott Carey

two missionaries to Liberia

Lott Carey and Colin Teague

officer of the US Navy who went to Japan specifically to open trade relations with them

Matthew Perry

first ambassador to Japan

Townshend Harris

one of the first American Baptist missionaries to Japan

Jonathan Goble

discovered the islands of Hawaii

Captain James Cook

first state to outlaw the use of liquor

Maine

founded the first settlement house in New York, Five Points Mission

Phoebe Palmer

founded to evangelize and assist young men

YMCA

leaders in women's rights movement

Elizabeth Stanton, Lucretia Mott, Susan B. Anthony

former slave from New York that lectured against slavery

Sojourner Truth

denied the Deity of Christ, the Trinity, and many other important Bible doctrines

Unitarianism

responsible for transcendentalism, promoting nature is divine and man's spirit is linked with nature and also divine

Ralph Waldo Emerson

wrote Walden

Henry David Thoreau

attempted utopia near Boston

Brook Farm

founded New Harmony in Indiana

Robert Owen

year of the first public high school

1821

year the Erie Canal was completed

1825

passing on knowledge and tradition of the past to new generations

traditional education

American spelling book

Blue-Backed Speller

“He taught millions to read, but not one to sin.”

Noah Webster

wrote America's first dictionary

Noah Webster

wrote eclectic readers

William H. McGuffey

promoted primary education for all children; created the first normal schools to train teachers

Horace Mann

America's first tax-supported high school was in _________

Boston

first state university

University of North Carolina

first co-ed college

Oberlin University (first college to allow women)

first college for only women

Wesleyan College

organizations that conducted discussions and established libraries and public schools

lyceums (first one founded by Josiah Holbrook)

first newspaper to gain national readership

New York Tribune

invented the telegraph

Samuel Morse

invented by John Deere

steel plow

invented by Cyrus McCormick

reaper

Eli Whitney invented the ______

cotton gin

work done at home

domestic system

Father of the American Factory System

Samuel Slater

the ______ industry prospered more than any other because of the factory system

textile

made the sewing machine a common household item

Isaac Singer

invented the first practical steam engine

James Watt

most roads in the 1800s were either dirt roads or _______ roads

corduroy

America's first "highway"

Cumberland Road

invented the first practical steamboat, the Clermont

Robert Fulton

popularized the use of canals and completed the Erie Canal in 1825

DeWitt Clinton

most expensive yet convenient form of travel

railroads

man-made body of water that connects two larger bodies of water

canal

mail-carrying company between Missouri and California

Pony Express

mapped the ocean for the transatlantic cable

Matthew Maury ("Pathfinder of the Seas")

laid the transatlantic cable and completed the project

Cyrus Field

most immigrants were from these two countries

Ireland and Germany

wrote the first truly American fiction

James Fenimore Cooper

developed the detective story and mystery genre

Edgar Allen Poe

most popular American poet of the 19th century, Fireside Poet

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

known for writing Moby Dick, America's only great epic

Herman Melville

Father of American History

George Bancroft

Father of American Music

Stephen Foster

year of the Texas War for Independence

1836

year Texas was annexed

1845

years of the Mexican war

1846-1848

granted a large tract of land in Texas by the government of Mexico

Moses Austin

Texas War for Independence 1. leader in Mexico 2. leader of Texan forces

1. General Santa Anna 2. Sam Houston

first major battle of the Texas War for Independence

the Alamo (Davy Crockett and James Bowie)

turning point of the Texas War for Independence

Battle of San Jacinto

first president of Texas

Sam Houston

around ________, the Modern Age began

AD 1500

first person to land in North America, around the year 1000

Leif Ericson

three most advanced tribes in the Western Hemisphere

Mayas, Aztecs, Incas

way of life based on the ownership and use of land

feudalism

Lincoln's second vice president

Andrew Johnson

the Reconquista was a crusade to drive the _______ from Southern Spain

Moors

revival of learning in Europe

Renaissance

year the movable-type printing press was invented

1440 (Bible was first book printed)

nailed his Ninety-Five Theses to the door of the church in Wittenberg, Germany

Martin Luther

Columbus was from __1__, and sailed for __2__

1. Italy 2. Spain

year Columbus found the New World

1492 (San Salvador)

1st Spanish landing in America

Juan Ponce de Leon

abolished slavery completely

Thirteenth Amendment

first to circumnavigate the globe

Magellan

conquered the Incas of Peru

Pizarro

first permanent European settlement

St. Augustine

year England defeated Spain's "Invincible Armada"

1588

line that set the boundary between Spain and Portugal

Line of Demarcation

best-known city of French heritage in the US

New Orleans

"Morning Star of the Reformation"

John Wycliffe

broke away from the Roman Catholic church and founded the Church of England

Henry VIII

established the limited government in England

Magna Carta (King John signed in 1215)

England’s representative political body

Parliament

first French settlement in the New World

Quebec (1608)

established the right for all American citizens to vote

Fifteenth Amendment

first modern explorer to set foot on mainland North America

John Cabot

year Jamestown was established

1607

year Plymouth was established

1620

year Massachusetts Bay was established

1630

last of the thirteen original colonies to be established

Georgia

first child born in the New World

Virginia Dare

first permanent English colony in the New World

Jamestown

colonies directly owned and controlled by the king

royal colonies

the Separatists first traveled to ________

Leyden, Holland

a happening from the past that sets a standard for the future

precedent

turning point of the Civil War

Gettysburg

first representative assembly in the New World

House of Burgesses

first governing document in America's history

Mayflower Compact

first governor of Plymouth

John Carver

wrote the first American history book

William Bradford (History of Plymouth Plantation)

the Civil War ended when the Confederates surrendered in which state?

Virginia (Appomattox Court House)

first constitution in the US

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

founded Rhode Island for religious freedom

Roger Williams

colony founded by the Calverts as a haven for Catholics

Maryland

the colony where the Grand Model system was used as an attempt of feudalism

the Carolinas

haven for Quakers

Pennsylvania

year Georgia was founded

1733

largest city in the colonies

Philadelphia

the bread colonies

middle colonies

best-known scientist of the colonial era

Benjamin Franklin

America's first college

Harvard College

required towns with 50 families to have a teacher

Ole' Deluder Satan Act

start of the Civil War

Fort Sumter

president of the Confederacy

Jefferson Davis

only college in the South

College of William and Mary

wrote Poor Richard's Almanac

Benjamin Franklin

put on trial for criticizing the governor of New York in his paper; this trial led to freedom of press

John Peter Zenger

small and exclusive (12-18 members) house; appointed by a king or proprietor in colonial legislature

upper house

large and more powerful house; represented the colonists directly and were voted in their positions in the colonial legislature

lower house

chief executive officer of each colony

governor

1730-1740s

the Great Awakening

founded the Methodist church

John and Charles Wesley

wrote Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God

Jonathan Edwards

nickname for the South because they voted for democracy consistently

Solid South

most famous preacher of the first Great Awakening

George Whitfield

the French and Indian War was called _______ in England

the Seven Years War

______ ended the French and Indian War in 1763

Treaty of Paris

year of the Boston Tea Party

1773

England switched from a laissez faire ("hands-off") system to _______

the mercantile theory

became king of England in 1760 and wanted more control of the colonies

George III

political organization led by Samuel Adams that protested the new taxes

Sons of Liberty

situation on March 5, 1770 where British soldiers killed 5 American citizens and only two soldiers were given light punishment

Boston Massacre

tea company of Great Britain that was bankrupt

British East India Company

citizen disguised as Native Americans boarded British ships and dumped tea into Boston Harbor

Boston Tea Party

______ resulted in the "Intolerable Acts"

Boston Tea Party

"give me liberty or give me death"

Patrick Henry

year of the first Continental Congress

1774

colonial “soldiers” who were trained to fight at a “minute’s notice”

minutemen

British general in charge of the soldiers in Boston

Thomas Gage

location where the shot heard round the world happened

Lexington

start of the War for Independence

April 19, 1775

led a militia group called the Green Mountain Boys

Ethan Allen

first leader of the US army

George Washington

year the Declaration of Independence adopted

July 4, 1776

Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction

Ten Percent Plan

ended the War for Independence

Treaty of Paris (1783)

German soldiers who fought with England in the War for Independence

Hessians

wrote Common Sense

Thomas Paine

proposed independence

Richard Henry Lee

led the committee that wrote the Declaration of Independence

Thomas Jefferson

wrote Commentaries on the Laws of England

William Blackstone

supported independence from England

Patriots (Whigs)

supported the king and his authority

Loyalists (Tories)

Washington crossed the Delaware River and defeated the Hessians at ________, on Christmas

Trenton, New Jersey

EXAM Flashcards

(188 cards)