Final Prep Questions

Question 1

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Name 4 Relevant Events

Contract Practise

Answer 1

1. Variations (SBC) /Changes (D&B)
2. Suspension due to non-payment
3. Force Majeure (Relevant Events beyond the Contractor’s control)
4. Employers Delay - Failure to give access to site

Question 2

Name 4 Relevant Matter

Contract Practise

Answer 2

1. Variations
2. Failure by the employer to provide access or possession to site
3. Late issue of information from the client or CA/EA i.e instructions
4. Delay caused by client direct contractors

Question 3

Update from the D&B 2016 to D&B 2024 Contract?

Contract Practise

Answer 3

1. Update terminology and more gender neutral language
2. Incoporates Building safety Act 2022
3. EA now has only 8 weeks to review an EOT claim where previously they had 12

Question 4

What is the difference between a minor works contract and a SBC

Contract practise

Answer 4

Question 5

What is the difference between an Advance payment bond an Vestign certificate?

Contract Practise

Answer 5

Vesting Certificate: To transfer ownership (title) of off-site goods/materials to the Employer before delivery to site.

Advance Payment Bond: To secure repayment of an advance payment made to the Contractor or supplier before any goods are manufactured or delivered. - Secures payment if goods arent provided

Question 6

When would you use an Advance payment bond an Vestign certificate?

Contract Practise

Answer 6

Vesting certificates are a simple legal document, normally signed by the contractor and supplier, confirming the Employer owns the goods.

Advance payment bonds require a bank or surety, with associated fees, security, and legal review, making them more expensive and time-consuming.

Question 7

What are some metrics used for Design economics?

Design Economics

Answer 7

1. £/m2
2. £/sqft
3. Cost per unit
4. Net to gross

Question 8

What is RevEx?

Business Planning

Answer 8

RevEx stands for Revenue Expenditure

RevEx (Revenue Expenditure) is a subset of OPEX that specifically refers to expenses incurred to generate revenue in the current period

Employer Salary

Question 9

What are some of the difference between NRM and IPMS when measuring NIA?

Design Economics

Answer 9

NRM:
Excludes Columns, stairwells lifts.
Measures to the Internal face of the external walls
**IPMS: **
Excluded; Shared Areas,
Measured to the Internal dominant face of the wall

Question 10

What is the golden order of pricing for valuating changes?

Design Economics

Answer 10

1. Using Exisitng rates/prices - works of a similar nature
2. Use Star rates - adjusted rates for different conditions
3. Make a fair assessment of works (new rates)
4. Dayworks

Question 11

When do you meaure Tender inflation from?

Design Economics

Answer 11

The period from the estimate base date to the date of tender return.

base date = (when the initial budget is prepared)

Question 12

When do you meaure Construction inflation from?

Design Economics

Answer 12

The period from the date of tender return to the mid-point of the construction period.

Question 13

When giving advice to the client, what was the inflation rate you said was between 2022 and 2023?

Case STudy

Answer 13

10% - Based on the Pandemic and Russia and Ukraine war - The market was very volitile

Question 14

How do you work out the Inflation?

Case STudy 2

Answer 14

1. Review our companies

Question 16

What are the different ways you can deal with Risk?

Risk Management

Answer 16

1. Accept (Accept minor design changes)
2. Reduce (Complete surveys to reduce risks)
3. Transfer (Transfer design risk through D&B or insurances)
4. Avoid/terminate (Change design)
5. Share (Shared savings clause for VE)

Question 17

What are the different WELL Scores?

Answer 17

o Bronze = 40-49 points
o Silver = 50-59 points
o Gold = 60-79 points
o Platinum = 80+ points

Question 18

When is a C.1 replacement schedule used?

Contract Practise

Answer 18

Typically in fit-out, refurbishment, or tenant projects where no single party can insure all risks under Options A–C.

Question 19

What is a C.1 Replacement Schedule

Contract Practise

Answer 19

A bespoke amendment or replacement of the standard JCT Schedule C that’s included when the standard insurance options (A, B, C) don’t fit the project circumstances.

Question 20

What is insurance Option C

Contract Practise

Answer 20

Existing structures and their contents are insured by the Employer,
while
the Contractor insures the works and site materials.

Question 21

What is Insurance Option B

Contract Pracitse

Answer 21

Insurance Option B is used for new-build projects where the Employer is responsible for insuring the works and site materials.

The Employer insures the new works.
There is no existing structure

Question 22

What is Insurance Option A

Contract Practise

Answer 22

Insurance Option A is used for new-build projects where the Contractor is responsible for insuring the Works and any existing structures on the site (if those structures are being demolished or not retained).

Question 23

Different types of Piles?

Construction tech

Answer 23

1. Contiguous Pile
2. Secant Pile
3. Sheet Pile

Question 24

What is a Contiguous Pile and pros and cons?

Construction tech

Answer 24

A row of bored concrete piles installed with small gaps (typically 50–150 mm) between each pile.

Pros:
1. Low vibration – suitable for urban or sensitive sites.
2. Ideal where minor groundwater ingress is acceptable.

Cons:
1. Not watertight – water can pass through the gaps between piles.
2. Not suitable for high groundwater or permanent basements without secondary waterproofing.

Question 25

What is a secant Pile and pros and cons? | Construction tech

Answer 25

Formed by overlapping bored piles — usually alternating soft (unreinforced) and hard (reinforced) piles. Pros: 1. Watertight (virtually continuous wall) — ideal for high groundwater. 2. Can form part of the permanent basement wall. Cons: 1. More expensive than contiguous walls due to overlap and precision drilling. 2. Slower installation process.

Question 26

What is a sheet Pile and pros and cons? | Construction tech

Answer 26

Thin interlocking steel sheets driven into the ground to form a continuous vertical wall. Pros: 1. Fast installation and easy removal for temporary works. 2. Continuous wall provides good water cut-off (depending on joints). 3. Economical for shallow to medium-depth excavations. Cons: 1. High noise and vibration during installation 2. Limited depth capacity compared to bored systems. 3. Durability concerns (corrosion) for long-term use unless protected.

Question 27

What are some of your firm's weaknesses?

Answer 27

1. Resource Pressure During High Workload Periods 2. Market pressure and skill shortage - G&T struggling to recruit uprising talent

Question 28

Wh

Question 29

What is the document where you can find information about loss and expense? | Contract Practise

Answer 29

Ascertaining Loss and Expense (July 2024)

Question 30

Simply what is a loss and expense? | Contract Practise

Answer 30

Set of tasks that endeavour to calculate the additional costs or losses incurred by one party directly due to a default of the other.

Question 31

What does "to ascertain" mean? | Contract Practise

Answer 31

To ‘find out something for certain or make sure of’.

Question 32

Under a loss and expense, what position should it put you back to? | Contract Practise

Answer 32

The contractor is entitled to recover that loss and expense to put themself back in the financial position that they would otherwise have been in.

Question 33

Different Contract sections under a JCT? | Contract

Question 34

What is the Case law regarding Loss and expense? | Contract Practise

Answer 34

Hadley v Baxendale (1854)

Question 35

What costs do loss and Expense claims account for? | Contract practise

Answer 35

DIrect loss and expense

Question 36

Does loss and expense cliams, allow for consequential loss? | Contract Practise

Answer 36

NO

Question 37

When should a contractor raise a Loss and Expense? | Contract PRactise?

Answer 37

as soon as it has become, or should reasonably have become, apparent to him that the regular progress has been or is likely to be affected;

Question 38

How does the NEC deal with loss and expense differently from a JCT? | Contract PRactise

Answer 38

1. Relevant events and Relevant matters are called compensation events which allocate both time and money 2. The compensation events also have what is known as a condition precedent nature, so failure to notify the compensation event in the prescribed timescale can have serious consequences

Question 39

How does FIDIC deal with Loss and expense comapred to JCT? | Contract Practise

Answer 39

1. Terminology - Loss & Expense vs Cost + Reasonable Profit 2. Notice period - Strict 28 days to Notify + 84 days to submit

Question 40

Cost related to Loss and Expense? | Contract Practise

Answer 40

* failure to give the contractor possession of the site * failure to give the contractor access to and from the site * delays in receiving instructions * opening-up works or testing works that then prove to have been carried out in accordance with the Standard Form Contract * Discrepancies in the contract documents * Disruption caused by works being carried out by the employer * failure by the client/employer to supply goods or materials * instructions relating to variations and expenditure of provisional sums * inaccurate forecasting of works described by approximate quantities * issues relating to The Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (CDM).

Question 41

What is a global claim? | Contract Practise

Answer 41

Global claims are those where a composite sum or global sum, comprising many differing quantum elements, is asserted by the contractor. Often it takes the formof a simple estimate covering several areas of cost or claim, rather than a more detailed, particularised assessment.

Question 42

What are the 5 main heads of claims | Contract Practise?

Answer 42

1. Prolongation Costs 2. Disruption Costs 3. Loss of Profits 4. Finance charges 5. Head office overheads 6. Preliminary thickening (needs to be proven)

Question 43

What is preliminary thickening? | Contract Practise

Answer 43

The inclusion of additional resources. a. Adding more people on site b. Increase the amount of allocation of people already on the project e.g 20% --> 40%

Question 44

What are some formulas you could use to help with ascetain loss? | Contract Practise

Answer 44

Hudson and Emden Formula

Question 45

What is different ways of risk management? | Risk Managment

Answer 45

1. Monte Carlo Simulation

Question 46

What is the Monte Carlo Simulation? | Risk management

Answer 46

A Monte Carlo Simulation is a probabilistic risk analysis technique used to model uncertainty in project outcomes — such as cost, programme, or cashflow. Instead of using a single value for each risk, it uses ranges (best case, most likely, worst case) and then simulates thousands of possible scenarios to show the overall probability of different outcomes.

Question 47

What does VRF stand for? | M&E

Answer 47

Variable Refridgernet flow

Question 48

What is more expensive FCU or VRF systems and why? | M&E

Answer 48

1. pipework is cheaper 2. VRF is more smart and more control variability - FCU are more basic, either 2 pipe or 4 pipe.

Question 49

When would you use a VRF system? | M&E

Answer 49

1. When there is no central plant room 2.