FRACTURES, BONE DISORDERS, & AMPUTATION Flashcards by TOP 1 PTRP

All of the following are fractures in the upper extremity, EXCEPT:
a. Piedmont
b. Galleazi
c. Kocher Lorenz
d. Kienbock’s
e. None of these

Kienbock’s

Note: this is an avascular necrosis

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This type of fracture affects the blood supply to the femoral head
a. Subtrochanteric
b. Intertrochanteric
c. Femoral neck
d. Femoral shaft

Femoral neck

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An anomaly of bone healing is said to occur if the following events take place, EXCEPT:
a. Failure of the bone fractures to unite
b. Union of bones in an unsatisfactory alignment
c. Healing of a lower extremity fracture within four months
d. None of these

Healing of a lower extremity fracture within four months

Note: pasok ito sa normal healing time

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Which among the following fractures is due to tight seatbelts?
a. Jefferson
b. Clayshoveller
c. Chance
d. Chauffer

Chance

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Which structures of the pelvis are affected in Walther’s fracture?
a. Ilium and ischium
b. Femoral neck and shaft
c. Ischium and acetabulum
d. Pubis and acetabulum

Ischium and acetabulum

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Cells responsible for bone resorption?
a. Osteoblasts
b. Osteoclasts
c. Osteophytes
d. Osteonecrosis

Osteoclasts

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The following are indications for amputation, EXCEPT?
a. Congenital anomaly
b. Vascular disease
c. Electrical burns
d. Tumor
e. None of these

None of these

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In which phase of bone healing does hematoma formation occur?
a. Inflammatory
b. Reparative
c. Remodeling
d. Maturation

Inflammatory

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the garden spade deformity is seen in patients with this type of fracture
a. Poteau
b. Hahn Steinthal
c. Reverse Montegia
d. Smith

Smith

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Example of these bones are cuboidal in shape
a. Long
b. Short
c. Flat
d. Irregular

Short

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True about the osteons?
a. This is also known as the haversian canal
b. The blood supply is transmitted through the Volkmann’s canal parallel to the axis of the bone
c. The lacunae connect the canaliculi
d. Osteocytes are present within the haversian system

Osteocytes are present within the haversian system

Note: Particularly in the level of lacunae and canaliculi

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True about achondroplasia, except:
a. Disproportion trunk and limbs
b. Most common form of short limb dwarfism
c. Initial findings include retardation of membranous ossification
d. The skull is brachycephalic
e. None of these

Initial findings include retardation of membranous ossification

Note: it should be endochondral ossification

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This type of achondroplasia has similarities with Ricket’s disease
a. Chondroectodermal dysplasia
b. Chondrodysplasia punctata
c. Metaphyseal chondrodysplasia
d. Diastrophic dwarfism
e. None of these

Metaphyseal chondrodysplasia

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When blood supply of a limb has been lost and cannot be restored, amputation is always necessary. Amputations may be the result of congenital limb deficiencies and can also be acquired
a. Only first statement is true
b. Only the second statement is true
c. Both are correct
d. Both are incorrect

Both are correct

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Specific classification for femoral neck fracture
a. Gustillo Anderson
b. Salter Haris
c. Garden
d. Le Fort

Garden

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This MPS causes skeletal deformities in childhood and leads to short spine dwarfism
a. Hurler’s
b. Hunter’s
c. San Filippo
d. Morquio’s

Morquio’s

Note: aka MPS type IV

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Another name of this condition would be marble bones
a. Osteopoikilosis
b. Osteogenesis imperfecta
c. Osteopetrosis
d. Ellis Van Creveld Syndrome

Osteopetrosis

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Usually applied by means of adhesive or reinforced foam rubber strips and an encircling elastic bandage
a. Buck’s extension
b. cloth head halter
c. Thomas splint
d. Pearson attachment

Buck’s extension

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This occurs as a result of bone fatigue from repeated unaccustomed loading and inadequate muscular support
a. Stress fracture
b. pathologic fracture
c. Oblique fracture
d. comminuted fracture

Stress fracture

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Replacement of bone fragments to as near anatomic position as possible
a. Restoration
b. reduction
c. Angulation
d. none of these

reduction

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Most common method in maintaining reduction
a. Internal fixation
b. manipulation
c. External fixation
d. angulation

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External fixation

It happens when healing takes place in an unsatisfactory alignment
a. Delayed union
b. nonunion
c. Malunion
d. none of these

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Malunion

It is usually a final definitive amputation performed to create a stump that can be used effectively with a prosthesis
a. Disarticulation
b. close amputation
c. Open amputation
d. major amputation

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close amputation

In minor amputation, which of the following may be involved
a. Lower leg
b. Femoral shaft
c. DIP joint
d. None of these

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DIP joint

Salter-Harris Grade III a. Results from crushing of part of the growth plate b. Involves the plate and a small portion of the metaphysis c. Stage where there is growth arrest d. Traverses the bony epiphysis and involves the cartilage plate e. None of these

Traverses the bony epiphysis and involves the cartilage plate

Codfish vertebra refers to a. expansion of IVD into the superior and inferior vertebral end plates b. absorption of proteoglycans in the IVD c. Exaggerated biconvexity of IVD d. Fish gill appearance in radiographs e. All of these

expansion of IVD into the superior and inferior vertebral end plates

Which among the following fractures heals the fastest a. Oblique b. transverse c. Comminuted d. spiral

spiral

When an injured site is immobilized in a cast, the following statements are true in the care of a casted LE, except: a. Flexing and extending the toes is an exercise to test nerve function b. To check for circulation, briefly press on the large toenail until it turns white. Let go, and observe for the normal pink color to return c. Occasionally, when the skin under the cast feel itchy, an object may be inserted to relieve the itch d. If toes are cold cover them, notify the doctor if it doesn’t feel warm

Occasionally, when the skin under the cast feel itchy, an object may be inserted to relieve the itch

Mechanisim of injury in colle’s fx a. FOOSH b. Fall on flexed elbow c. FOBOTH d. Fall on extended elbow

FOOSH

Fracture secondary to strong pull muscle a. Avulsion b. compression c. Stress d. Segmental

Avulsion

This phase begins after osteoblasts are being recruited a. Activation b. Resorption c. reversal d. reformation e. none of these

none of these Note: should be formation

A below elbow stump which is 40% of the other limb is classified as an amputation which is: a. Disarticulation b. Very short c. Long d. short

short

An above elbow stump that constitutes 20% as compared to the normal side length is classified as: a. Humeral neck amputation b. Shoulder disarticulation c. Short above elbow amputation d. Long above elbow amputation

Humeral neck amputation

A below knee or transtibial amputation leaves a residual limb of: a. 20-50% of original tibial length b. 10-30% original tibial length c. More than 50% of original tibial length d. Less than 20% of original tibial length

20-50% of original tibial length

The following are complications of amputation, except: a. Edema b. phantom limb c. Contracture d. Phantom pain e. None of these

None of these

Gustillo Anderson II a. Incomplete b. Complete, fully displaced c. Complete, partially displaced d. Complete, undisplaced e. None of these

None of these Note: these choices are for garden classification

Most Common birth fractures a. Femoral b. radial c. Humeral d. clavicular

clavicular

A disarticulation of the midtarsal joint is called: a. Boyd b. Chopart c. Syme d. Lisfranc

Chopart

In above knee amputation, the recommended stump that can be provided is a. Conical b. triangular c. Cylindrical d. rhombus

Conical

Gold standard in measuring osteoporosis a. Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry b. Double Energy X-ray absorptiometer c. Dual Emmision X-rayAbsorptiometry d. None of these

Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry

Spotted bones a. Osteopoikilosis b. osteonecrosis c. Osteoporosis d. osteopetrosis

Osteopoikilosis

All of the following are stages of bone remodeling, except: a. Quiesence b. Activation c. Reversal d. none of these

none of these

Most common site of application of skeletal traction a. Proximal tibia b. tibial tuberosity c. Distal tibia d. none of these

Proximal tibia

A complication of amputation where in amputated body part moves proximally a. Phantom limb b. Phantom pain c. Telescoping d. Proximalization

Telescoping

The ideal weight that a skin traction can hold is approximately how many kilos a. 3-4 b. 4-5 c. 5-6 d. 6-7 e. None of these

None of these Note: should be 2.6 kg / 5-6lbs

When the fracture is treated through surgery with plates, screws and spins needed to reduce the bone it is said to be a. Open reduction external fixation b. Open fixation external reduction c. Open reduction internal fixation d. Open reduction external rotation

Open reduction internal fixation

Which among the following structures would ossify last in progressive myositis ossificans? a. Fascia b. Muscles c. Ligaments d. None of these

Muscles

All of the following are methods to maintain reduction, EXCEPT: a. Internal fixation b. External fixation c. Traction d. Angulation

Angulation

Senile osteoporosis occurs in what age group? a. Toddlers b. Childhood c. Adolescent d. Elderly

Elderly

True about mucopolysaccharidoses, EXCEPT? a. The most common variant or form is Hunter’s syndrome b. Lysosomal enzyme storage disorder c. Possible enlargement of liver and spleen d. Gait and posture may be affected e. None of these

The most common variant or form is Hunter’s syndrome Note: most common should be Hurler’s syndrome

FRACTURES, BONE DISORDERS, & AMPUTATION Flashcards

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