GAIT

Question 1

If the ground reaction force during foot flat is located posterior to the knee joint, what external moment is created?
a. Knee flexion moment
b. Knee extension moment
c. Neutral
d. AOTA

Answer 1

Knee flexion moment

Question 2

If the ground reaction force during foot flat is
located posterior to the knee joint what should be the internal moment to prevent knee buckling?
a.Knee flexion moment
b. Knee extension moment
c. Neutral
d. AOTA

Answer 2

Knee extension moment

Question 3

Contributors of internal torque except:
a. Gravity
b. Muscle
C. Ground reaction force
d. A and C
e. B and C

Answer 3

A and C

Question 4

Which of the following is true about the swing phase of gait except:
a. It is also called the open kinematic chain phase of gait
b. It is called the closed kinematic chain phase of gait
c. It is about 40% in a walking gait cycle
d. NOTA

Answer 4

It is called the closed kinematic chain phase of gait

note: BASAHA ANG EXCEPT ANA!!

Question 5

Movement needed in 1st MTP for gait:
a.20 DF
b. 30 DF
c. 60 - 70 DF
d. 60 - 70 PF
e. AOTA

Answer 5

60 - 70 DF

Question 6

Position of ankle during initial contact
a. 0 DF
b. 5PF
C. 5DF
d. 10DF

Answer 6

0 DF

Question 7

Position of knee during initial contact:
a. Appears fully extended
b. 20 degrees flexion
c. 60 degrees flexion
d. 40 degrees flexion

Answer 7

Appears fully extended

Question 8

Position of hip during terminal swing:
a.20 degrees flexion
b. 60 degrees flexion
C. 40 degrees flexion
d.10 degrees flexion

Answer 8

20 degrees flexion

Question 9

You evaluate a patient’s gait and note that the patient has difficulty performing the phase initiating the swing phase of gait. Which of the following muscles would you give emphasis on in your strengthening program?
a. Hip adductors
b. Gastrocnemius
C. Hamstrings
d. tibialis anterior
e. Biceps femoris

Answer 9

Gastrocnemius

note: answer is gastrocnemius because before swing phase, we have to do toe off which is done by gastrocnemius

Question 10

The degree of toe out is measured by determining the angle formed by each foot’s line of progression and a line intersecting the center of the heel and the 2nd toe. The degree of toe out decrease as speed of walking increases. During normal walking speed, the normal value is
a.3°
b.7°
C.10°
d. 12°
e. NOTA

Answer 10

7°

Question 11

An ambulatory patient recovering from a left CVA is wearing a plastic AFO to stabilize the right foot. During gait analysis, the therapist observes lateral trunk bending toward the right as the patient bears weight on the right leg at midstance. The BEST intervention is:
a.Provide a lift on the shoe of the involved leg.
b.Strengthen hip flexors on the right side.
C.Strengthen hamstrings on the right side.
d. Strengthen the hip abductors on the right side.

Answer 11

Strengthen the hip abductors on the right side.

Question 12

In single leg stance, when the contralateral hip drops because of weakness, it is considered;
a. Uncompensated trendelenburg
b. Compensated hip varus
C.Uncompensated hip varus
d. Compensated trendelen burg

Answer 12

Uncompensated trendelenburg

Question 13

The normal lateral displacement of the pelvis is about
a. 1-3 cm
b. 1-2.5 cm
C. 1-2 cm
d. 4-5 cm

Answer 13

4-5 cm

note: 2.5 - 5cm, pasok si letter d

Question 14

A patient comes for gait evaluation after a tibial nerve injury in the distal thigh. Which of the following gait abnormalities would be expected?
a. increased hip and knee flexion during swIng
b. shortened step length of the uninvolved leg
C. forceful knee extension in the terminal swing
d. increased gait symmetry and faster walking

Answer 14

shortened step length of the uninvolved leg

Question 15

A person with painful, arthritic hip has the following gait abnormality
a. internal rotation of the leg at the hip
b.trunk extension at heel strike
c. lateral trunk shift over the affected joint during stance
d. internal rotation of the leg at the hip

Answer 15

lateral trunk shift over the affected joint during stance

Question 16

The calf muscle group is most active at what phase of the gait cycle?
a. late swing phase
b. midswing
C. early swing
d. toe off

Answer 16

toe off

Question 17

Correct location of GRF during initial contact:
a. Anterior to ankle
b. Posterior to hip
C.Posterior to ankle
d. NOTA

Answer 17

Posterior to ankle

Question 18

In gait analysis of your patient, what would you expect to happen if the patient has weak gastrocsoleus(calf) muscle and if the patient does not compensate?
а.excessive plantarflexion and uncontrolled tibial advance
b. excessive dorsiflexion and uncontrolled tibial advance
C. no roll off
d. lack of ability to oppose plantarflexion

Answer 18

excessive dorsiflexion and uncontrolled tibial advance

Question 19

During the stance phase, when toes contact at heel strike, the cause may be
a. painful heel
b. spastic plantarflexion
C. weak dorsiflexors
d.all of these

Answer 19

all of these

Question 20

Gait in the elderly is characterized by
a. decreased stride width
b. increased cadence
C. decreased step length
d. increased stride length

Answer 20

decreased step length

Question 21

Maximum activity of the gluteus medius and minimus occurs at which point of the normal gait cycle?
a.swing phase
b.midstance
C. heel strike
d. toe off

Answer 21

midstance

Question 22

Spastic patients with severe involvement of the
Adductor Longus muscle will exhibit:
a. A tendency to walk with the hips crossed
b. Usually have an internally rotated hip during walking
c. Both are correct
d. Both are incorrect

Answer 22

Both are correct

Question 23

A therapist is examining a patient for possible LE weakness. PROM is WNL. The patient is seated. When the patient tries to dorsiflex and invert the right foot, the patient is unable to move it through the full ROM and is unable to take any resistance applied by the therapist. During the subsequent gait examination, the therapist should expect the patient to display which of the following?
a. normal gait with no deviations
b. increased right hip flexion during midswing phase
c. throwing the trunk backward on the right side shortly after heel strike
d. laterally bending towards the right side during midstance

Answer 23

increased right hip flexion during midswing phase (steppage gait)

Question 24

The following are true of the antalgic gait presented by patient with arthritis except
a. decreased cadence
b. decreased swing phase of unaffected LE
C. decreased stance phase of affected LE
d. increased speed

Answer 24

increased speed

Question 25

When there is faster gait, you would expect all of the following, except a. decrease in the width of the base support b. none of these C. increase in angle of toe out d. increase in stride length e. increase in cadence

Answer 25

increase in angle of toe out

Question 26

When the COG of the human body goes up, what happens to its mobility and stability? a. Both are increased b. Both are decreased C. The body becomes more mobile, but less stable d. The body becomes more stable, but less mobile

Answer 26

The body becomes more mobile, but less stable

Question 27

During the swing phase, deceleration stage, which muscle contracts to slow down knee extension just prior to heel strike, thus permitting the heel to strike quietly in a controlled manner? a. gluteus medius b. gluteus maximus C. hamstring d. quadriceps

Answer 27

hamstring

Question 28

The following are determinants of gait, except a. knee flexion in stance b. trendelenburg C. medial displacement of the pelvis d. pelvic rotation e. knee, ankle, & foot motion

Answer 28

medial displacement of the pelvis

Question 29

A patient underwent a right total hip replacement (THR) 4 months ago. The patient is now referred to physical therapy for gait evaluation. The patient demonstrates shortened step length on the left. This patient most likely has: a. Contracted hip flexors on the right b. Weakened hip flexors on the right C.Contracted hip flexors on the left d. Weakened hip flexors on the left e. Weakened quadriceps

Answer 29

Contracted hip flexors on the right

Question 30

A patient fractures the right mid tibia in a skiing accident 3 months ago. After cast removal, a severe foot drop was noted. The patient wants to try electrical stimulation. The therapist would set up the functional electrical stimulation to contract the appropriate muscles during: a. Swing phase b. Initial contact C. Early stance at foot-flat d. Late stance at toe-off

Answer 30

Swing phase

Question 31

This constitutes the 2nd half of single limb support: a. Terminal stance b. Midstance c. Loading response d. Initial contact e. Preswing

Answer 31

Terminal stance

Question 32

Which of the following is a correct entry? a. Heel strike: loading response b. Initial contact: heel strike C. Midstance: heel off d. Terminal stance: Toe off e. NOTA

Answer 32

Initial contact: heel strike

Question 33

Which of the following changes in the spatial parameters of gait are evident in older adults except: a. decreased step length b. increased stride width C. decreased stride length d. increased time in double support e. none of the above

Answer 33

increased time in double support note: THIS IS A TEMPORAL PARAMETER, WHAT WE ARE LOOKING FOR IS SPATIAL...

Question 34

Gait pattern starts maturing at age: a. 3 b. 5 C. 7 d. 8 e. NOTA

Answer 34

3

Question 35

To counteract the plantarflexion moment created by the ground reaction force during heel strike, which muscles of the ankle contract? a. Tibialis posterior b. Peroneus longus c. Peroneus tertius d. Tibialis anterior e.NOTA

Answer 35

Tibialis anterior

Question 36

Which of the following is /are expected in antalgic gait EXCEPT: a. Shortened stance phase on the painful limb b. Shortened swing phase on the painful limb c. Shortened swing phase on the unaffected limb d. A and C e. B and C

Answer 36

Shortened swing phase on the painful limb

Question 37

Father of modern Gait Analysis a. Eadweard Muyanghit b. Eadweard Murailroad c. Eadweard Muybridge d. Squidward MuLunetaBridge e. NOTA

Answer 37

Eadweard Muybridge

Question 38

Location of center of mass is lowest at: a. Period of single leg support b. Period of double leg support C. Midstance d. Loading response e. NOTA

Answer 38

Period of double leg support

Question 39

Elderly patients usually demonstrate lengthened period of double limb support because during the double limb support, a. The COG is higher making the body more stable b. The COG is higher making the body less stable c. The COG is lower making the body more stable d. The COG is lower making the body less stable

Answer 39

The COG is lower making the body more stable

Question 40

Subphases of gait based on RLA except: a. Initial contact b. Midstance C. Preswing d.Terminal swing e. NOTA

Answer 40

NOTA

Question 41

Mature gait pattern is established at age a. 3 b. 5 c. 7 d. 8 e.NOTA

Answer 41

7

Question 42

In evaluating your patient's gait, you want to determine the strength of the pretibial muscle group. At which portion of the gait is this muscle group most active in preventing foot slap? a. swing through b.heel rise C. toe off d. heel strike e. NOTA

Answer 42

heel strike

Question 43

Functional tasks of walking a. Weight acceptance b.Single limb support c. Limb advancement d.AOTA

Answer 43

AOTA

Question 44

Which of the following correctly describes ground reaction force? a. It is the force equal in magnitude and same direction of the force the body applies to the ground b. It follows Newton's second law of motion c. Is an example of an internal torque d. NOTA

Answer 44

NOTA

Question 45

During midstance, center of mass is at its ________ thus making the body________ stable a. Lowest, less stable b. Highest, more stable C. Lowest, more stable d. Highest, less stable

Answer 45

Highest, less stable

Question 46

Lessens the angle of the femur with the floor and in doing so, it LENGTHENS the femur. a. Pelvic rotation b. Vertical pelvic tilt C. Pelvic list d. Pelvic drop e. NOTA

Answer 46

Pelvic rotation

Question 47

During heel strike, GRF passes __________ the hip and creates __________ moment and must be counteracted by the hip extensor muscles a. Anterior; extension b. Posterior, extension C. Anterior, flexion d. Anterior, extension e. NOTA

Answer 47

Anterior, flexion

Question 48

A 65 year-old male has hip ankylosis secondary to osteoarthritis. Which gait abnormality do you expect to see in this patient? a. exaggerated movement of the opposite limb b. apparent limp on fast walking C. apparent lack of push off d.sudden buckling of well knee

Answer 48

exaggerated movement of the opposite limb

Question 49

Paralysis of the left gluteus maximus is compensated for during the stance phase by: a. Increased ankle plantarflexion of the affected extremity b. Hyperextension of the spine C. External tibial torsion at heel strike d. Maintenance of knee flexion of affected extremitv

Answer 49

Hyperextension of the spine

Question 50

A backward trunk lean results from weakness of the a. gluteus maximus on the stance leg b. quadriceps C. erector spinae muscles d. gluteus medius on the stance leg e. abdominals

Answer 50

gluteus maximus on the stance leg