General Bacteria Features

Question 1

Aerobes (3)

Answer 1

-Need oxygen to generate ATP

Nocardia, Pseudomonas, Tb

All have air bellow

Question 2

Anaerobes (4)

Answer 2

• No catalase or superoxide dismutase so susceptible to oxidative damage
• Foul smell, hard to cx, produce CO2 and H2 in tissue
• Colonize gut but pathological everywhere else

Clostridium, Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, Actinomyces

Question 3

Facultative Anaerobes

Answer 3

• Use fermentation and other methods for ATP but not killed by oxygen
• Staph, strep and enteric gram pos bac

Question 4

Obligate Intracellular (3)

Answer 4

Rickettsia (rackets IN stadium)

Chlamydia (ship stuck IN island)

Coxiella (Curly Q ram IN barn)

Question 5

Facultative Intracellular (8)

Answer 5

Salmonella, Neisseria, Brucella, Mycobacterium, Listeria, Francisella, Legionella, Yersinia pestis

“some nasty bugs may live FacultativeLY

Question 6

Encapsulated (8)

Answer 6

Pseudomonas

Strep Pneumo (conjugate and non conjugated vaccines)

H flu (conjugate vaccine)

N meningitidis (conjugate vaccine)

E coli

Salmonella

Klebsiella pneumonia

Group B strep

**At risk if asplenia or sickle cell

Question 7

Urease Positive (8)

Answer 7

Urea spray bottles

• Proteus (God of restroom)
• Cryptococcus (cleaning sarcophagus)
• H pylori (cleaning helicopter)
• Ureaplasma
• Nocardia (cleaning bar)
• Klebsiella (dino)
• Staph epidermis and saprophyticus (clean kitchen for beauty and plumber)

Question 8

Catalase Positive (10)

Answer 8

CAT - degrade H2O2 b/f MPO can act on it (problem for those w/ CGD)

Staph

Nocardia

Pseudomonas

Listeria

Aspergillus (on farm)

Candida (on playground)

E Coli

Serratia

B cepacia

H pylori

Question 9

4 Bacteria that Produce Pigments

Answer 9

1- Actinomyces israelii - yellow sulfur granules (yellow desert sand)

2- Staph aureus - yellow pigment (“gold”)

3- Pseudomonas aeruginosa (areugala is green - green rings in tub)

4- Serratia marcescens - red pigment (red dino)

Question 10

Which 3 bacteria have an IgA protease?

Answer 10

-Cleaves IgA to allow bacteria to adhere to and colonize mucous membranes

Strep pneumo, H flu, Neisseria (similar to encapsulated)

Question 11

Gram Pos By Structure

Answer 11

Bacilli/Rods - aerobic (Listeria, Bacillus, Corny) & anaerobic (Clostridium)

Cocci - Staph and Strep

Branching Filaments - aerobic (Nocardia) & anaerobic (Actinomyces)

Question 12

Staph v Strep (how are they further broken down?)

Answer 12

Staph = catalase pos

• S aureus is coag + (red sea)
• S epidermis is coag - but novobiocin sensitive (plumber shows navel)
• S sapro is coag - but novobiocin resistant (beauty does not show navel)

Strep = catalase neg

-Separate based on hemolysis

Question 13

Strep Hemolysis

Answer 13

Beta - complete

• Strep pyogenes (group A which is Bacitracin sensitive - Basset hound eating baked goods)
• Strep agalactiae

Alpha - partial (GREEN) - alpha knight tournament

• Strep viridans (helmet and boots - bile and optochin resistant)
• Strep pneumo (no helmet or boots so sensitive; but has armor for capsule)

Gamma - no hemolysis / grows in bile
-Enterococcus (strep D - resist the 6.5% NaCl) and non-enterococcus

Question 14

Gram Neg by Structure

Answer 14

Diplococci - Neisseria (mening ferments maltose - malt liquor in dorm)

Coccobacilli - H flu, Pasteurella, Brucella, Bordetella, Francisella (“ellas”)

Comma-shaped rods - H pylori (pilot), Vibrio cholera (dictator), Campylobacter (camper)

Bacilli/Rods -
-Lactose fermentors v non-fermentors

Question 15

Which Bacteria Ferment Lactose?

Answer 15

E Coli (mlkshake)

Klebsiella/Enterobacter/Serratia (milk on tray in hospital of dino video)

Citrobacter

Question 16

How to divide non-lactose fermenting gram neg rods

Answer 16

Oxidase pos - Pseudomonas (wearing ring)

Oxidase neg divided by H2S production on TSI agar …

• pos for Salmonella (turns black - salmon on black plate) and Proteus
• neg for Shigella and Yersinia