SKETCHY MICRO > GRAM (-) BACILLI > Flashcards

GRAM (-) BACILLI Flashcards

ENTERIC TRACT (76 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

Enterobacter, serratia, klebsiella

Characteristics
(Gram, lactose)

A

Gram (-)
Ferments lactose: Pink on MacConkeys agar
Multi drug resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Serratia

Characteristics

A

Very motile
Red pigment
Catalase (+)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Klebsiella

Characteristics (motility, capsule, urease)

A

Inmotile
Polysaccharide capsule
Urease positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Klebsiella

Disease

A

Alcoholics, abscesses and aspiration
UTI (nosocomial)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Klebsiella

Characteristics of pneumonia

A

Lobar
Currant jelly sputum
Creates cavitary lesions (TB like)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Salmonella

Characteristics

Gram, lactose, motility, H2S, capsule, acid, intracellularity

A

Gram (-) rods
Non lactose fermenter (white on MacConkey’s agar)
Motile
H2S positive (black on Hektoin agar)
Encapsulated
Acid labile
Facultative intracelullar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Salmonella enteritiditis

Transmission

A

Undercooked chickens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Salmonella enteritiditis

Disease

A

Gastroenteritis (possibly bloody)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Salmonella enteritiditis

Treatment

A

Supportive care, ATB are not indicated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Salmonella typhi

Disease

A

Typhoid fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Salmonella typhi

Transmission

A

Food or water contaminated with feces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Salmonella typhi

Disease evolution

A

Week 1: fever, fatigue, headache, abdominal discomfort
Week 2: high fever, rose spots, relative bradycardia, abdominal pain and diarrhea (pea soup), hepatosplenomegaly
Week 3: complications
Week 4+: recovery or chronic carrier state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Salmonella typhi

A

Osteomyelitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Salmonella typhi

Treatment

A

Fluroquinolone or ceftriaxone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Salmonella typhi

Where does the bacteria remain in carrier state?

A

Gallbladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Shigella

Characteristics

A

Gram (-)
Immotile
Non H2S (green on Hektoin agar)
Indole positive
Acid stable
Facultative intracelullar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Shigella

What structures does Shigella invades?

A

M cells of Peyer patches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Shigella

How does Shigella mobilizes?

A

Uses hot cells actin cytoskeleton to create tails to propel itself from one cell to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Shigella

Disease

A

Bloody diarrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Shigella

Complication

A

Hemolytic uremic syndrome in younger children (under 10 years old) that can lead to acute renal failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Shigella

What causes hemolytic uremic syndrome?

A

Shiva toxin: binds 60s unit of ribosomes and inhibits protein production

Causes endothelial damage in glomerules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Shigella

Treatment

A

Macrolides and fluoroquinolones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Escherichia coli

Characteristics

A

Gram (-)
Ferments lactose
Anaerobic
Oxidase (-)
Catalase (+)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Escherichia coli

Grows in

A

EMB agar as metallic green colonies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
# Escherichia coli Main virulence factor
Fimbriae, K capsule, LPS endotoxin
26
# Escherichia coli Fimbriae is associated with
UTI’s (cystitis and pyelonephritis)
27
# Escherichia coli K capsule is associated with
Pneumonia, neonatal meningitis
28
# Escherichia coli LPS endotoxin is associated with
Gram negative sepsis
29
# Escherichia coli 2 principal strains
Enterohemorrhagic Enterotoxigenic
30
# Escherichia coli Which type of Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli causes bloody diarrhea
O157:O7
31
# Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli Transmission of EHEC O157:O7
Eating undercooked meat
32
# Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli Principal characteristic O157:O7
DOES NOT ferments sorbitol
33
# Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli Toxin of O157:O7
Shiga toxin: causes hemolytic uremic anemia > anemia, thrombocytopenia and acute kidney injury
34
# Enterotoxigenic E. Coli Enterotoxigenic E. Coli causes
Traveler’s diarrhea
35
# Enterotoxigenic E. Coli ETEC toxins
Heat labile toxin: produces cAMP Heat stable toxin: produces cGMP
36
# E. coli Treatment
TMP/SMX or fluoroquinolones
37
# Yersinia Characteristics | Gram, shape, staining
Gram (-) Pleomorphic cocobacillus Bipolar staining
38
# Yersinia enterocolitica Transmission
Pet feces or milk products
39
# Yersinia enterocolitica Disease
Bloody diarrhea Reactive arthritis in adults
40
# Yersinia enterocolitica What disease does it mimics?
Pseudoappendicitis
41
# Yersinia pestis Transmission
Rodents with fleas that bites humans
42
# Yersinia pestis Disease
Buboes with swollen tender lymph nodes nodes Abscess in organs or DIC
43
# Yersinia Treatment
Amino-glycosides + tetracycline
44
Lactose fermenting enteric bacteria | Pink colonies on MacConkey's agar ## Footnote McCowkey **CEEKS** milk
Citrobacter E. Coli Enterobacter Klebsiella Serratia
45
# Campylobacter yeyuni Characteristics (Gram, shape, oxidase, T)
Gram (-) Comma or S shaped Oxidase (+) Grows at 42 C
46
# Campylobacter yeyuni Grows in
Skirrow Agar
47
# Campylobacter yeyuni Main reservoir
Intestinal tract of poultry
48
# Campylobacter yeyuni Transmission
Fecal-oral or ingestion of raw milk
49
# Campylobacter yeyuni Diseases
Bloody diarrhea Reactive arthritis Guillain-Barré syndrome (ascending paralysis)
50
# Campylobacter yeyuni Pathogenesis
Colonizes intestinal mucosa and replicate intracelullary causing PMN response, edema of the mucosa and ulceration
51
# Campylobacter yeyuni Treatment
Supportive care
52
# Vibrio cholerae Characteristics Gram, shape, flagella, oxidase, acide
Gram (-) curved rod Flagellated Oxidase (+) Acid labile
53
# Vibrio cholerae Grows in
TCBS agar, alkaline media
54
# Vibrio cholerae Transmission
Fecal-oral
55
# Vibrio cholerae Main virulence factor
Cholera toxin: activates Gs increasing cAMP > efflux Cl and H20
56
# Vibrio cholerae Disease
Watery diarrhea: Rice water stool
57
# Vibrio cholerae Treatment
Oral rehydration
58
# Vibrio vulnificus Associated with
Seafood, especially oysters
59
# Vibrio vulnificus Disease
Acute gastroenteritis
60
# Vibrio parahaemolyticus Disease
Fulminating septicemia
61
# Helicobacter pylori Characteristics ## Footnote Gram, shape, motility, oxidase, catalase, urease
Gram (-) Curved rod Motile (flagella) Oxidase (+) Catalase (+) Urease (+)
62
# Helicobacter pylori Main virulence factor
Urease allows to reduce the acidity of the stomach and allows the bacteria to survive (creates ammonia > alkaline environment)
63
# Helicobacter pylori Diagnosis
Urea breath test: urea is broken down and exhaled as CO2 and NH3 Fecal antigen detection
64
# Helicobacter pylori Disease
Gastritis 95% duodenal ulcers
65
# Helicobacter pylori Infection with h. Pylori is a risk factor for
Peptic ulcer disease Gastric adenocarcinoma MALT lymphoma
66
# Helicobacter pylori Treatment
Proton pump inhibitor Amoxicilin (metronidazole if allergic) Clarithromycin
67
# Pseudomona Characteristics ## Footnote Gram, motility, oxidase, catalase, O2, lactose, capsule
Gram (-) Motile Oxidase (+) Catalase (+) Obligate aerobe Non-lactose fermenting Encapsulated
68
# Pseudomona Forms
Blue green pigment when plated and as a fruity grape like odor
69
# Pseudomona Disease
P: Pneumonia (in CF patients) S: sepsis E: ecthyma gangrenosum U: UTIs D: diabetes O: osteomyelitis M: mucoid polysaccharide capsule O: otitis external N: nosocomial (most common, catheter infections) A: addiction S: skin infection (hot tub folliculitis)
70
# Pseudomona Produces (main virulence factors)
Phospholipase C Endotoxin Exotoxin A: ribosylation of EF-2
71
# Pseudomona Who is most at risk?
Burn patients
72
# Pseudomona Treatment
Piperacilin-tazobactam Ceftazidime/cefepime Fluoroquinolones Carbapenems
73
# Proteus mirabilis Characteristics (Gram, urease, O2, motility)
Gram (-) Urease (+) Facultative anaerobe Swarming motility (flagella)
74
# Proteus mirabilis Disease
UTI’s
75
# Proteus mirabilis What promotes the formation of kidney stones?
Urease hydroxides urea to carbon dioxide and ammonia increasing pH and promotes the formation os struvite stones. It can result in staghon calculus
76
# Proteus mirabilis Treatment
Sulfonamides
SKETCHY MICRO
flashcards
Decks in class (21)
# Cards
Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2026 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions