GRAM (+) COCCI Flashcards by ileana acevedo

Staphylococcus aureus

Characteristics

Gram, catalase, coagulase, hemolytic, mannitol

Gram (+)
Catalase (+)
Coagulase (+)
Beta hemolytic
Mannitol (+)

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Staphylococcus aureus

Main virulance factor

Protein A

Binds the Fc-IgG inhibiting complement activation and phagocytosis

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Staphylococcus aureus

Commonly colonizes

Nares

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Staphylococcus aureus

Inflammatory diseases

Skin infections
Organ abscess
Pneumonia
Endocarditis
Septic arthritis
Osteomyelitis

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Staphylococcus aureus

Toxin-mediated disease

Toxic shock syndrome
Scalded skin syndrome
Rapid-onset food poisoning

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Staphylococcus aureus

Characteristics of pneumonia

Patchy x ray infiltrate
Usually after a viral URT infection (influenza)

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Staphylococcus aureus

Characteristics of the septic arthritis

IV drug use
Tricuspid valve

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Staphylococcus aureus

Toxic shock syndrome

Pathology

TSSST-1 (superantingen) non-specific binding of MHC II to T cell receptor causing over reaction and cytokine release

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Staphylococcus aureus

Toxic shock syndrome

Cause

Associated with prolonged use of vaginal tampons or nasal packing

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Staphylococcus aureus

Rapid-onset food poisoning

6 hours

Ingestion of preformed toxin causes nonbloddy diarrhea and emesis

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Staphylococcus aureus

MRSA

Methicili-resistant S. Aureus

Altered penicilin-binding proteins (mecA gene) (altered cell walls)

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Staphylococcus aureus

Treatment

Sensible and resistant strains

Sensible: Nafcicilin (Naph for Staph)
Resistant: Vancomycin

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Staphylococcus epidermidis

Characteristics

Gram, catalase, coagulase, urease

Gram (+)
Catalase (+)
Coagulase (-)
Urease (+)
Mannitol (-)

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Staphylococcus epidermidis

Normal microbiota of

Skin

It can contaminates blood cultures

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Staphylococcus epidermidis

Diseases

Infects hardware or orthopedic joints
Infects catheter tubes
Infects heart implants leading to endocarditis of artificially implanted heart valves

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Staphylococcus epidermidis

Virulance factor

Biofilm

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Staphylococcus epidermidis

Novobiocin

Sensitive

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Staphylococcus epidermidis

Treatment

Vancomycin

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Staphylococcus saprophyticus

Characteristics

Gram, catalase, coagulase, urease

Gram (+)
Catalase (+)
Coagulase (-)
Urease (+)
Mannitol (-)

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Staphylococcus saprophyticus

Normal microbiota of

Female genital and perinium

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Staphylococcus saprophyticus

Diseases

Uncomplicated UTI in young sexually active females

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Staphylococcus saprophyticus

Noboviocin

Resistant

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Streptococcus pneumoniae

Characteristics

Gram, shape, hemolytic, optochin, bile

Study These Flashcards

Gram (+)
Lancet shaped diplococci
Alpha-hemolytic
Optochin sensitive
Bile soluble

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Virulance factor

Study These Flashcards

Polysaccharide capsule (main) > encapsulated
IgA protease

# Streptococcus pneumoniae Diseases ## Footnote MOPS

Meningitis Otitis Pneumonia Sinusitis

# Streptococcus pneumoniae Characteristics of pneumonia

Rusty sputum and lobar pneumonia

# Streptococcus pneumoniae Who is predisposed to infection?

Anatomic or functional hyposplenia or asplenia

# Streptococcus pneumoniae Vaccines ## Footnote PV13 and PV23

PV13: conjugated PV23: polysaccharide ## Footnote PV13: children, IgG. PV23: adults, IgM

# Streptococcus pneumoniae Treatment

Macrolides Ceftrixone

# Streptococcus viridans Characteristics ## Footnote Gram, shape, hemolytic, optochin, bile

Gram (+) Lancet shaped diplococci Alpha-hemolytic Optochin resistant Bile resistant

# Streptococcus viridans Diseases ## Footnote 2

Dental caries Infective endocarditis (mitral valve)

# Streptococcus viridans Pathology

Synthetizes **dextrans** from glucose which allows the bacteria to adhere to any fibrin from platelets

# Streptococcus pyogenes Characteristics ## Footnote Gram, hemolytic, bacitracin

Gram (+) cocci in chains Beta hemolytic Group A strep Bacitracin sensitive

# Streptococcus pyogenes Pyogenic disease

Pharyngitis Cellulitis/erysipela Impetigo (honey-crusted lesions)

# Streptococcus pyogenes Toxigenic diseases

Scarlet fever Toxic shock like syndrome Necroziting fasciitis

# Streptococcus pyogenes Characteristics of scarlet fever

Strawberry tongue Pharyngitis Rash that spares the face

# Streptococcus pyogenes 3 strep toxins

SpeA, SpeC - Toxic shock like syndrome (super antigen) SpeB - Necroziting fasciitis

# Streptococcus pyogenes Inmunologic diseases

Rhematic fever Glomerulonephritis

# Streptococcus pyogenes Main virulence factor for rheumatic fever

M protein | Anti-phagocytic action and molecular mimicry (myosin in cardiac muscle)

# Streptococcus pyogenes You can get rheumatic fever after:

Untreated pharyngitis but NOT impetigo

# Streptococcus pyogenes Mneumonics for rheumatic fever | JONES

J: Migratory polyarthritis (large joints) O: pancarditis N: Subcutaneous nodules on extensor surfaces E: Erythema marginatum ( C-shaped areas) S: Sydenham chorea (rapid involuntary movement)

# Streptococcus pyogenes Hypersensivity reaction of post-strep glomerlonephritis

Type III | Inmune complex mediated hypersensivity ## Footnote Antigen-antibody complexes deposits in tissue

# Streptococcus pyogenes Characteristics of post-strep glomerlonephritis

Puffy cheeks Cola colored urine

# Streptococcus pyogenes You can get post-strep glomerlonephritis after

Strep pharyngitis and impetigo even if it was treated

# Streptococcus pyogenes How much time after strep infection does post-strep glomerlonephritis occur?

2 weeks

# Streptococcus pyogenes Treatment

Penicilin

# Streptococcus pyogenes More virulence factors

Streptolysin O: allows strep to be beta hemolytic Streptokinase: converts plasminogen to plasmin DNAse: depolymerize DNA

# Streptococcus pyogenes Serology

ASO titer or anti-DNase B antibodies indicates recent infection

# Streptococcus agalactiae Characteristics ## Footnote Gram, hemolytic, bacitracin, hippurate

Gram (+) Beta-hemolytic Bacitracin resistant Hippurate test (+): hydrolizes sodium hippurate

# Streptococcus agalactiae Characteristic that distinguish S. agalactiae from other Streptococcus

cAMP test positive | Increases zone of hemolysis, shows an arrowhead when plated

# Streptococcus agalactiae Diseases

Meningitis in neonates Sepsis in neonates Pneumonia

# Streptococcus agalactiae How the baby gets the infection?

Vaginal canal ## Footnote Screen pregnant women at 35-37 weeks of gestation with rectal and vaginal swabs

# Streptococcus agalactiae Patients with (+) culture receives

Intrapartum penicilin | Prevention

# Enterococci 2 species

E. faecalis (most common) E. faecium (most dangerous)

# Enterococci Characteristics (gram, catalase, grows in, bile)

Gram (+) Catalase (-) Grows in 6.5% NaCl Bile resistant

# Enterococci Diseases | Do you (heart) trees

UTIs Endocarditis Infection of biliary tree

# Enterococci Treatment

Linezolid or tigacycline | Vancomycin resistant

GRAM (+) COCCI Flashcards

(57 cards)