GRAM INDETERMINATE BACTERIA

Question 1

Chlamydiae

Gram

Answer 1

DOES NOT stain gram

Lack of muramic acid in the cell wall

Question 2

Chlamydiae

Intracellularity

Answer 2

Obligate intracellular

Cannot make their owen ATP

Question 3

Chlamydiae

2 forms

Answer 3

Elementary body
Reticulate body

Question 4

Chlamydiae

Elementary body

Answer 4

Infectious form
Enters cell via endocytosis

Outside the cell

Question 5

Chlamydiae

Reticulate body

Answer 5

Replicates in cell by fission

Forms inclusion bodies seen under microscopy

Question 6

Chlamydiae

Visualization

Answer 6

Giemsa stain

Diagnosis NAAT

Question 7

Chlamydiae trachomatis

Serotypes

Answer 7

Types A, B, C
Types D-K
Types L1, L2, L3

Question 8

Chlamydiae trachomatis

Types A, B, C

Disease

Answer 8

Blindness due to follicular conjunctivitis

Leading cause of blindness

Question 9

Chlamydiae trachomatis

Types D-K

Disease

Answer 9

Urethritis/PID: watery discharge
Ectopic pregnancy
Neonatal conjunctivitis (1-2 weeks after birth)

Question 10

Chlamydiae trachomatis

Types L1, L2, L3

Answer 10

Lymphogranuloma venereum

Small,painless ulcers on genitals that becames swollen and painful

Question 11

Chlamydiae pneumonia

Disease

Answer 11

Atypical pneumonia

Question 12

Chlamydiae

Treatment

Answer 12

Doxycycline
Azithromycine

Always treats co infection with ceftriaxone

Question 13

Chlamydiae

Why penicilin is not effective?

Answer 13

Because penicilin attacks cell walls and chlamydiae does not have cell wall

Question 14

Coxiella burnetii

Characteristics

Gram, intracellularity

Answer 14

Gram (-)
Obligate intracellular

Question 15

Coxiella burnetii

Transmission

Answer 15

Aerosol

Outbreaks from farm animals to farmers or placental excretions

Question 16

Coxiella burnetii

Disease

Answer 16

Q fever

Self limited

Common cause of culture (-) endocarditis

Question 17

Coxiella burnetii

Chronic Q fever
(Can leads to… Risk factors)

Answer 17

Leads to endocarditis

Immunocompromised
Previous valvular damage

Question 18

Gardnerella vaginalis

Characteristics

Answer 18

Gram variable rod
Pleomorphic

Question 19

Gardnerella vaginalis

Transmission

Answer 19

Associated with sexual activity but not sexually transmitted

Overgrorwth of certain anaerobic bacteria in vagina due to decrease lactobacilli

Question 20

Gardnerella vaginalis

Clinical presentation

Answer 20

Gray vaginal discharge with a fishy smell, nonpainful

Question 21

Gardnerella vaginalis

Diagnosis

Answer 21

Whiff test with 10% KOH prep

Question 22

Gardnerella vaginalis

Microscopic appareance

Answer 22

Blue clue cells with dark spots

Vaginal epithelial cells covered with Gardnerella

Question 23

Gardnerella vaginalis

At what pH does the infection occurs?

Answer 23

> 4.5

Question 24

Gardnerella vaginalis

Treatment

Answer 24

Metronidazole or clindamycine

Question 25

# Mycoplasma pneumoniae Why is gram indeterminate?

Answer 25

No cell walls

Question 26

# Mycoplasma pneumoniae Grows in

Answer 26

Eaton agar

Question 27

# Mycoplasma pneumoniae Cell membrane is composed of

Answer 27

Cholesterol

Question 28

# Mycoplasma pneumoniae Disease

Answer 28

Atypical pneumonia | Walking pneumonia ## Footnote Patchy infiltrate. X ray much word that patients do clinically

Question 29

# Mycoplasma pneumoniae Risk factors

Answer 29

< 30 years old Military recruits Prisons Colleges

Question 30

# Mycoplasma pneumoniae Serology

Answer 30

High titer of cold agglutinins (igM) which can agglutinate RBC

Question 31

# Mycoplasma pneumoniae Treatment

Answer 31

Macrolides

Question 32

# Rickettsia Characteristics ## Footnote Gram, intracellularity, shape

Answer 32

Gram indeterminate Pleomorphic Obligate intracellular Coccobacilli

Question 33

# Rickettsia Unable to produce:

Answer 33

NAD+ and CoA | Responsable for bacterial growth and replication ## Footnote That's why it is facultative intracellular

Question 34

# Rickettsia Test

Answer 34

Weil felix agglutination test

Question 35

# Rickettsia Treatment

Answer 35

Doxycycline Chloranphenicol if pregnant Supportive care

Question 36

# Rickettsia prowazekii Risk factors

Answer 36

Military recruits Priosioners of war

Question 37

# Rickettsia prowazekii Transmission | Vector

Answer 37

Lice ## Footnote Louse feeds on blood and defecates near feeding sites and it's the scratching that infect patients

Question 38

# Rickettsia prowazekii Disease

Answer 38

Epidemic thyphus

Question 39

# Rickettsia prowazekii Clinical presentation of epidemic typhus

Answer 39

Myalgia and arthralgia Pneumonia Encephalitis Unremitting headache Rash (Rash that starts at trunk and moves out towards the extemeties, spares the hands, feet and head)

Question 40

# Rickettsia rickettsi Disease

Answer 40

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Question 41

# Rickettsia rickettsi Transmission | Vector

Answer 41

Dermacenter tick | Direct biting

Question 42

# Rickettsia rickettsi Incubation period

Answer 42

2-14 days

Question 43

# Rickettsia rickettsi Clinical presentation | Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Answer 43

Maculopapular rash that starts on ankles and wrists then moves centrally