Gross Anatomy > Head: Orbit > Flashcards

Head: Orbit Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

Bones of the BASE of the Orbit

A
  • Orbital margin (orbital opening)
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2
Q

Bones of the APEX of the Orbit

A
  • At the optic canal (lesser wing of sphenoid)
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3
Q

Bones of the SUPERIOR part of the Orbit

A
  • Orbital part of frontal bone
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4
Q

MEDIAL bones of the Orbit

A
  • Orbital plate of ethmoid
  • Lacrimal
  • Frontal process of maxilla
  • Lacrimal groove
  • Fossa
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5
Q

INFERIOR bones of the Orbit

A
  • Zygomatic

- Maxilla

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6
Q

LATERAL bones of the Orbit

A
  • Frontal process of zygomatic bone

- Greater wing of sphenoid

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7
Q

Preorbita

A
  • Periosteum that lines the orbit
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8
Q

Orbit and Orbital region content

A
  • Obicularis oculi
  • Eyelids
  • Lacrimal apparatus
  • Eyeball
  • Extraocular muscles and their innervation
  • Optic nerve
  • Ophthalmic nerve (V1) branches
  • Opthlamic veins
  • Ciliary ganglion
  • Retrobulbar fat
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9
Q

Eyelids (protect the eye)

A
  • Skin on the outside

- Conjunctiva lines the inside

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10
Q

Content of the eyelids

A
  • Orbicularis oculi, palpebral part (CN VII)

- Tarsal plate (tarsus)

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11
Q

Eyelid is the insertion of

A
  • Levator palpebrae superioris (CN III innervation)

- Superior tarsal muscle (sympathetic innervation) onto the upper eyelid

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12
Q

A ptosis can result from

A
  • Lesion of oculomotor nerve or sympathetics to the head
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13
Q

Cornea

A
  • Transparent layer that covers iris and pupil
  • Avascular
  • Continuous with sclera (white of the eye)
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14
Q

Corneal reflex

A
  • Touching elicits blink response
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15
Q

Sensory innervation of upper eyelid and cornea

A
  • Ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve
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16
Q

Iris

A
  • Colored diaphragm

- Surrounds pupil

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17
Q

Orbital Septum

A
  • Membranous sheet
  • Attaches to orbital rim
  • Separates orbit from periorbital region
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18
Q

Lacrimal gland

A
  • Produces tears that are secreted through the lacrimal ducts
  • Tears wash across eye and drain into the nasolacrimal duct
  • Empties into inferior nasal meatus in the nasal cavity
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19
Q

Presynaptic parasympathetics of the Lacrimal gland originate

A
  • In the pons
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20
Q

Presynaptic parasympathetics originate in the pons travel in

A
  • Facial nerve (nervus intermedius)
  • Through pterygoid canal
  • Zygomatic and lacrimal nerves
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21
Q

Presynaptic parasympatehtics traveling in Facial nerve

A
  • Greater petrosal nerve

- Greater petrosal joins deep petrosal forming nerve of pterygoid canal

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22
Q

Presynaptic parasympathetics traveling through Pterygoid canal

A
  • Enter pterygopalatine fossa

- Synapse on postsynaptics in pterygopalatine ganglion

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23
Q

Presynaptic parasympathetics traveling in Zygomatic and Lacrimal nerves

A
  • Synapse on the lacrimal gland
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24
Q

Sympathetic innervation of Lacrimal gland

A
  • Travel in ICA periarterial plexus
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25
Postysynaptic sympathetics of Lacrimal gland originate
- Originate in superior cervical ganglion
26
Deep Petrosal nerve (Lacrimal sympathetics) is derived from
- The ICA periarterial plexus | - Joins greater petrosal nerve to form nerve to pterygoid canal
27
Extra-Ocular muscles
- Muscles that move the eyeballs and eyelids
28
Superior Oblique innervation
- Trochlear nerve (CN IV)
29
Lateral Rectus innervation
- Abducens nerve (CN VI)
30
Extra-Ocular muscles innervated by oculomotor nerve (CN III)
- Inferior rectus - Medial rectus - Inferior oblique - Superior rectus - Levator palpebrae superioris
31
The 4 recti muscles originate from
- The common tendinous ring
32
Common Tendinous Ring
- Surrounds optic canal | - Portion of superior orbital fissure
33
Superior Oblique origin
- Sphenoid bone separate from ring
34
Superior Oblique pathway
- Passes through trochlea | - Redirects line of pull
35
Inferior oblique origin
- Anterior medial wall of orbit
36
Superior/Inferior oblique insertion
- Sclera
37
Muscle action based on primary position
- Based on muscle location and line of pull | - Angled line of pull in the primary position, more than one function
38
Vertical axis eye movements
- Abduction | - Adduction
39
Transverse axis eye movements
- Elevation | - Depression
40
Anterior/Posterior axis eye movements
- Intorsion | - Extorsion
41
Lateral Rectus function from primary position
- Abduction
42
Medial Rectus function from primary position
- Adduction
43
Superior Rectus function from primary position
- Elevates - Adducts - Intorsion
44
Inferior Rectus function from primary position
- Depresses - Adducts - Extorsion
45
Superior Oblique function from primary position
- Intorsion - Depresses - Abducts
46
Inferior Oblique function from primary position
- Extorsion - Elevates - Abducts
47
Eye muscles have
- Resting tone
48
Muscle activity depends
- Eye position
49
Muscles work
- Synergistically with each other
50
Pure depression from primary position involves
- Inferior Rectus | - Superior Oblique
51
Coordination of both eyes requires
- The yoking of muscle actions
52
Eye position determines
- The primary muscle involved in producing a specific movement
53
Clinical use of eye position
- The eye is positioned so that one muscle dominates action
54
Superior Rectus and Inferior Rectus in the abducted position
- Superior rectus: elevation | - Inferior rectus: depression
55
Superior Oblique and Inferior Oblique in the adducted position
- Superior oblique: depression | - Inferior oblique: elevation
56
Oculomotor Nerve Palsy symptoms
- Ptosis | - Down and out pupil
57
Abducens Nerve Palsy symptoms
- Loss of abduction | - Medial deviation of eye
58
Trochlear Nerve Palsy symptoms
- Loss of depression while eye is adducted | - Head tilt
59
Branches of Ophthalmic Nerve (V1) in the orbit
- Frontal - Lacrimal - Nasociliary
60
Frontal Nerve branches of the Ophthalmic Nerve
- Supraorbital | - Supratrochlear
61
Nasociliary Nerve branches of the Ophthalmic Nerve
- Posterior ethmoidal - Anterior ethmoidal - Infratrochlear - Long ciliary - Sensory root to ciliary ganglia
62
Nerves in the Orbit
- Branches of Ophthalmic Nerve (V1) - Trochlear nerve (CN IV) - Optic nerve - Abducens nerve (CN VI) - Occulomotor nerve - Zygomatic nerve (branch of V2)
63
Sensory root to ciliary ganglia
- Short ciliary connect ciliary ganglia to eyeball
64
Occulomotor Nerve divisions
- Superior division: SR, LP | - Inferior division: MR, IR, IO, presynaptic parasympathetic neurons
65
Superior division of Occulomotor nerve innervates
- Superior rectus | - Levator palpebrae
66
Inferior division of Occulomotor nerve innervates
- Medial rectus - Inferior rectus - Inferior oblique - Presynaptic parasympathetic neruons
67
Ciliary ganglion
- Cell bodies of postsynaptic parasympathetic neurons to the inner eye - Sensory and sympathetic nerve fibers pass through the ciliary ganglion
68
Only parasympathetic fibers synapse in the ciliary ganglion...
- Sensory and sympathetic fibers are just passing through
69
Parasympathetic to Intrinsic Eye Muscles
- Iris (pupil constriction) | - Ciliary muscle (increase lens convexity, near vision)
70
Pathway of Parasympathetic to Intrinsic Eye Muscles
- Pre-synaptic neurons travel in oculomotor nerve - Synapse in ciliary ganglion - Postsynaptics travel in short ciliary nerve to inner eye
71
Sympathetic to Intrinsic Eye Muscles
- Iris (pupil dilation) | - Ciliary muscle (decrease lens convexity, distant vision)
72
Pathway of Sympathetic to Intrinsic Eye Muscles
- Postsynaptics from superior cervical ganglion travel in IC perarterial plexus - Pass through ciliary ganglion/short ciliary nerves and long ciliary nerve to inner eye
73
Ophthalmic Artery is a branch of
- Internal carotid artery
74
Branches of the Ophthalmic Artery
- Central retinal - Lacrimal - Posterior ciliary - Muscular branches - Supraorbital - Anterior ethmoidal - Posterior ethmoidal - Supratrochlear - Dorsal nasal
75
Veins of the Orbit
- Superior and inferior ophthalmic veins
Gross Anatomy
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