HTMLE - other tissue processes Flashcards by Shynne Galang

Most common and fastest decalcifying agent

Nitric acid

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Most rapid decalcifier

Phloroglucin Nitric acid

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Recommended for surface decalcification of tissue blocks

Hydrochloric acid

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Decalcifying agent that doesn’t require washing

Trichloroacetic acid

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Nitric acid + Chromic acidc + Absolute alcohol

Perenyi’s fluid

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Both a decalcifying agent and tissue softener

Perenyi’s fluid

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A decalcifying agent that is slow but ideal for research and histochem

Neutral EDTA

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Most stable and gentle decalcifying agent

Neutral EDTA

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Most ideal, aaccurate,sensitive and reliable method of determining the extent of decalcification

X-ray (most expensive)

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Removal of nitric acids/yellow pigments

Neutralization with 5% Na sulfate
Addition of 0.1% Urea

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Starting concentration in dehydration

70%

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Most common dehydrating agent

Ethanol

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Dehydrating agent used for blood and tissue smears

Methanol

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Dehydrating agent that is rapid but cause brittleness

Acetone

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Dehydrating agent that is not harmful to tissues

Cellosolve/ Ethylenglycol monoethyl ether

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Excellent dehydrating and clearing agent

Dioxane

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Dehydrating and clearing agent that is extremely toxic and explosive

Dioxane

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Dehydrating agents for EM

Ethanol

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Good clearing agent must be

Miscible with alcohol, paraffin wax, mouting medium

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Most rapid excellent and true clearing agent

Xylene

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Substitute to xylene or benzene; less toxic

Toluene

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Clearing agent used for urgent biopsies but carcinogenic and can cause aplastic anemia

Benzene

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Clearing agent used for tough and large tissues

Chloroform

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Clearing agent used for CNS and cytological studies

Cedarwood oil

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Clearing agent for embryos and very delicate specimens

Aniline oil

Clearing agent that is also a dehydrating agent

Tetrahydrofuran

Clearing agent that is expensive and prone to alduteration

Clove oil

Clearing agent used for double embedding

Methyl benzoate

Most rapid impregnation method

Vacuum embedding

Paraffin oven temperature: should be maintained _______ the melting point of the wax

2-5C

Ideal melting point of infiltrating agent

56-58C

Commonly used for routine work melting point

56C

To remove water, heat the wax ____

100-105C

Paraffin wax should be used only

twice

Paraffin wax should be reused

once

Process whereby the clearing agent is completely removed from the tissue and replaced by molten paraffin to fill all cavities and provide firm support for sectioning

Impregnation/Infiltratiojn

Process by which an impregnated tissue is oriented and positioned in a mold

Embedding/Casting/Blocking

The paraffin oven for embedding should be maintained at a temp ___ the melting point

5-10C above

Simplest, most common, and best embedding medium for routine histologic use

Paraffin wax

Embedding media used for delicate specimen and frozen sections

Gelatin

Embedding media used for large cavities or hollow spaces

Celloidin

Embedding media used for EM, hard tissues and small biopsies

Resin/Plastic

Primary embedding medium for EM and provides ultrathin sectioning quality

Epoxy resins

Embedding media used for EM but is less commonly due to brittlenes and limited stability

Polyester resins/plastic

Embedding media used in light microscopy for embedding undecalcified bones and hard tissues

Acrylic resins

Celloidin method recommended for bones, teeth, large brain

Wet celloidin

Celloidin method for whole eye sections

Dry celloidin

Reagent used in Dry celloidin with equal parts of chloroform and cedarwood oil

Gibson's mixture

If for double embedding method what provides support for delicate tissues

Celloidin

If for double embedding method what allows easy sectioning and improved structural detail

Paraffin wax

For autotechnicon container 1 and 2 is for

Fixative

For autotechnicon container 3-6 is for

Dehydrant

For autotechnicon container 7-10 is for

Clearing agent

For autotechnicon container 11 and 12 is for

Paraffin (Infiltration)

Process of cutting excess wax from the tissue block

Trimming

What microtome is for cutting celloidin embedded sections

Sliding microtome

Most dangerous microtome

Sliding microtome

Microtome used for cutting paraffin embedded sections

Rotary

Microtome inside the cryostat

Rotary

Simplest type of microtome

Rocking/Campbridge

Microtome used cutting serial sections of large blocks of paraffin

Rocking

Inventor of Rotary microtome

George Minot (1885-1886)

Inventor of microtome

Wilhelm His, Sr. (1865-66)

Inventor Sliding microtome

Adams (1789)

Inventor of Rocking microtome

Paldwell Trefall(1881) "Nafall ang Rock"

Inventor of Freezing microtome

Queckett (1848)

Part of microtome where the tissue is held in position

Block holder

Part of microtome for actual cutting of tissue sections

Knife and knife carrier

For plane concave knife, the LESS concave is used for

Celloidin tissues

For plane concave knife, the MORE concave is used for

Paraffin tissues

Type of knife used for frozen sections and hard specimens

Pland wedge

Biconcave knife is used for what type of microtome

Rotary

Plane wedge knife is used in what type of microtome

Sliding microtome

25mm

Plane-concave

120mm

Biconcave

100mm

Plane wedge

Bevel angle

27-32°

Inclination angle

15°

Clearance angle

5-10°

Characteristic striped or blinds-like pattern caused by a damaged or nicked microtome blade

Venetian blind effect

Thickness of paraffic section

4-6um

Thickness of celloidin sections

10-15um

Thickness of frozen section

5-10um

Thickness of ultrathin sections

60-100nm (Semithin: 0.5-1u)

Removal of gross nicks and irregularities from the knife

Honing

Heel to toe

Honing

Sharpening stone use for badly nicked knives

Carborundum

Sharpening stone use for medium fineness

Arkansas

Sharpening stone thathas the finest (best result)

Belgium yellow

Sharpening stone that are oil stones

Belgian black vein

Used to clean the hone stones

Xylene

Removal of burr formed during honing

Stropping

Toe to heel

Stropping

Rapide tissue processing method used when an immediate diagnosis is required

Frozen section

Used for rapid prepararion of urgent tissue biopsies for intraoperstivr diagnosis

Cryostat

Optimum temp of cryostat

-18 to -20

Most rapid and commonly used freezing agent

Liquid nitrogen

Temp for liquid nitrogen

-160 to -190°C

A dehydration pricess performed at very low temperatures to prevent ice crystal formation and avoid tissue damage associated with room temp. dehydration

Freeze substitution

Most common adhesive

Mayer's egg albumin

Used as a section adhesive in IHC

Poly-L-lysine

Adhesive useful in cytology, especialy for cytospin preparations

3 aminopropyltriethoxysilane

Used for floating out paraffin ribbons to remove wrinkles

Water bath

Floating out bath temp ____ the melting point of paraffin

6-10 below

Purpose of heat and xylene prior to staining after sectioning

Deparaffinization and drying of slides

Aqueous mounting medium

"WG-FAB" Water Glycine Farrant's Apathy's Brun's

Resinous mounting medium

"X-DECEC" Xam DPX Eukit Clarite Entellan Canada balsam

Refractibr index of glass

1.518

Aqueous mountants are usually made of ___ to solidify the medium

Gelatin,glycerin or gum

Aqueous mountants are usually made of that preventd cracking and drying of the preparation

Glycerol

Aqueous mountants are usually made of ___ that increases the refractive index

Sugar

Aqueous mountant recommended for mounting frozen sections directly from water or paraffin section that require dehydration and clearing

Brun's fluid

Aqueous mountant that does not solidify on storage, so it does not require heating before use

Farrant's/ Gum syrup

A high refractive index mountant that also functions as a preservative

Glycerine

A low refractive index mountant suitable only for temporary mounting

Water

Refractive index of Brun's

1.43

Refractive index of Farrant's

1.43

Refractive index of Glycerine

1.47

Refractive index of Apathy's

1.52

Refractive index of Water

1.333

To remount slide, soak in ___ to remove cover glass

Xylene

Process of sealing the margins of the coverslip to prevent the escape of fluid or prevents slides from sticking during storage

Ringing

A ringing medium made up of 2 part paraffin wax

Kronig cement

Produces an insoluble rusty red reaction end product

Aminoethyl carbazole

Produces an insoluble dark brown reaction end product

Diaminobenzidine

Use of specific dyes that stain tissues with a color that is different from that of tye stain color itself

Metachromatic staining

Resistant to vital stains

Nucleus

Common intravital stains

"LIC" Lithium India ink Carmine

Used to stain loving cells immediately after removal frok the living body

Supravital stain

Stain that is most important and commonly used for routine histologic studies

Hematoxylin

Selective staining of living cell constituents

Vital stain

HTMLE - other tissue processes Flashcards

(131 cards)