ISBB - INTRO IS Flashcards by Shynne Galang

Inhalation of dry scab powder from smallpox

Variolation

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Smallpox vaccination; phenomenon of cross-immunity

Edward jenner

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Father of Immunology; Attemuatiom of chicken cholera

Louis Pasteur

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Phagocytosis; Cellulat theory of inmunity

Elie Metchnikoff

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Diphtheria antitoxins; humoral theory of immunity

Emil Von Behring

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Discovered Opsonins

Almroth Wright

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Discovered Immediat hypersensitivity

Paul Portier and Charles Richet

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Discovered delayed type hyoersensitivity

Rober Koch

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Human Blood Groups; Dpecificity of Serologic Reactions

Karl Landsteiner

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Discovered Complement

Jules Bordet

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Discovered Clonal Slecrion Theory

Niels Jerne and F.M Burnet

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Discivered side chain theory of antobody formation

Paul Erlich

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Discovered Somatic recombination of immunoglobulin genes

Susumu Tonegawa

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Discovered Basic immunoglobulin structure

Geral Edelman and Rodney Porter

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Discovered Monoclonal anyibody production through hybridoma technology

George Kohler and Caesar Milstein

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WBC that functions as phagocytosis and in inflammatory response

Neutrophils

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WBC involve in Type 1 Hypersensitivity reaction if found in BLOOD

Basophils

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WBC involve in Type 1 Hypersensitivity reaction if found in TISSUES

Mast Cells

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Granules of Basophils contain?

“HHE”

Histamine
Heparin
ECFA (Eosinophil Chemotactic Factor A)

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Most efficient APC

Dendritic cells

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Antigen independent Lymphopoiesis

Primary/Central Organs

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Paracortex of lymph nodes contains?

T cells

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Follicles/Germinal center of Lymph nodes contain

B cells

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Periarteriolar lymphoid sheath (PALS) of spleen contains

T cells

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Include loose, barely organized to well organized structures and Peyer's patches

MALT (Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue)

This cell's primary function is Cell mediated Immunity

T cells

This cell's primary function is Humoral mediated Immunity

B cells

Products of T cells

Cytokines

Products of B cells

Antibodies

Products of NK cells

Perforins, Granzymes and Cytokine

sRBC receptor in Rosette Assay

CD 2

CD marker that is TCR-associated signal transduction molecule

CD 3

It is a CD marker that expressed bt Th cells and also an HIV receptor

CD 4

Collective terj for intraepidermal lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells

CALT (Cutaneous-associated lymphoid tissue)

Binds to CD 40 on B cells

CD40 Ligand

B cell co-receptor, signal transduction molecule

CD 19

Pan T cell

CD 3

Pan B-cell

CD 20

CD marker of calcium channel

CD 20

CD marker that is receptor for EBV and Complement 2

CD 21

CD marker required for class switch signals from T cells

CD 40

Fc receptor of NK cells

CD 16

Adhesion/Regulatory molecule of NK cells

CD 56

Stage of T cell maturation that is the start of TCR Beta chain gene rearrangement

Double Negative thymocyte (CD 4 AND 8 NEG)

TCR alpha chain gene rearrangement

Double positive thymocyte stage

Survival of T cells with functional TCRs located in the THYMIC CORTEX

Positive selection

Elimination of self-reactive T cells located in the THYMIC MEDULLA

Negative selection

Downregulation of eithrr CD 4 or CD 8 expression

Single positive thymocyte stage

Recognize antigen in association with MHC Il molecule

T helper cells (CD4)

T helper cell that differentiates into Th1 or Th2 cells

Th 0

T helper cell that secretes IL-2, IFN-8 , TFN- alpha; it is also important in immunity to itracellular pathogens

Th 1 cells

T helper that secrets IL- 4, 5,610, 13

Th 2 cells

Stimulates B cell differentiation and antibody productionwhich are important in eliminating extracellular pathogens

Th 2 cells

Dysregulation of this cell may lead to inflammatory and autoimmune diseases

Th 17 cells (IL-17)

Suppress immune response to self and inhibit proliferation of other T cell populations by secreting inhibitory cytokines

T regulatory cells

CD 4+and CD 25+

T regulatory cells

B cell maturation that happens in the bone marrow

Pro B Pre B Immature B HALF OF MATURE B

B cell maturation that happens in the Secondary lymphoid organ

Mature B Memory B Plasma cell

Heavy chain gene rearrangement (B cell maturation)

Pro B

Light chain gene rearrangement (B cell maturation)

Pre B

Surface IgM (B cell maturation)

Immature B

Surface IgM and IgD (B cell maturation)

Mature B

Anamnestic or secondary response; Expresses sIgA, sIgG, or sIgE (B cell maturation)

Memory B

Well defined RER and Golgi bodies; Release/Secrete antibodies (B cell maturation)

Plasma cell

First line of defense against virally infected and tumor cells

NK cells

Activated form of NK cells stimulated in vitro by IL-2 or IFN-8

Lymphokime activated killer cells (LAK)

Non specific immunity

Innate

Specific immunity

Adaptive

Rapid but with no memory type of immunity

Innate

Slow but has a memory type of immunity

Adaptive

Cellular components are Grabulocytes, MPS, NK cells

Innate

Cellular components include T and B cells

Adaptive

Humoral components include non-specific proteins

Innate

Humoral components include antibodies

Adaptive

Role of commensal organisms as a Anatomic/Physiologic barrier or First line defense

Competitive exclusion (deplete nutrients and occupy spaces)

Phagocytosis processes

"ICED" Initiation Chemotaxis Engulfment Digestion

Phgocyte interaction with the vascular endothelium through cell adhesion molecule

Initiation

Mediates rolling of neutrophils

Selectins

Facilitate firm transient adhesion prior to transmigration

Integrins

Squeezing between junctions in the endothelial wall of blood vessels

Diapedesis

Migration of leukocytes primarily neutrophils to the site of injury

Chemotaxis

Recognition and adherence followed by membrane invagination forming a phagosome

Engulfment

Coating of microbial particles to facilitate phagocytosis

Opsonization

Process by which cytoplasmic granules fuse with and empty their contents into the phagosome

Fusion and Degranulation

Generation of bactericidal agents

Oxidative and respiratory burst

Expressed by neutrophils,monocytes, macrophages that recognizes PAMPs

PPRRs (Primitive pattern recognition receptors)

Recognize opsonins, IgGand C3b

Fc and complement receptors

TLR that recognizes lipoproteins in MTB

TLR 1

TLR that recognizes peptidoglycan, lipoproteins, zymosan

TLR 2

TLR that recognizes dsRNA

TLR 3

TLR that recognizes LPS, fusion proteins, mannan

TLR 4

TLR that recognizes Flagellin

TLR 5

TLR that recognizes Lipopeptides, lipitechoic acid, zymosan

TLR 6

TLR that recognizes ssRNA

TLR 7, 8

TLR that recognizes dsDNA

TLR 9

Rexognize carbohydrates in bacterial cell walls leading to complement activation

Mannose receptors

APR that removes cholesterol and increases in Type 1 hypersensi

Serum amyloid A

APR that binds hgb; has an atinoxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties

Haptoglobin

APR that functions in opsonization and immune clearance

Complement C3

APR that functions in opsonization and complement activation and is increase 1000x in type ll hypersensi

CRP

APR that is preotease inhibitor

A1 antitrypsin

APR that binds copper and oxidizes iron

Ceruloplasmin

APR that is essential in clot formation

Fibrinogen

More specific that other APRs detecting bacterial infection

Procalcitonin

Inhibits iron release from macrophages as well as intestinal iron absorption

Hepcidin

Sequesters iron ti inhibit microbial and tumir cell iron scavenging

Ferritin

Group of proteins invokved in opsonization and clearance of foreign antigens

Complement

Chemical messengers or immunogen regukators secreted by leukocytes

Cytokines

Cytokine acts on the same cell secreted it

Autocrine

Cytokine ascts on target cells that are in close proximity

Paracrine

Cytokine travels through blood vessels to distant cells

Endocrine

A single cytokine has different bilogical effects on different target cells or is able to alter the expression of several genes

Pleiotropy

2 or more cytokines mediatr similar functions or activate the same pathways and genes

Redundancy

Combined effect of two cytokines is greater than the additive effects of the individual cytokines

Synergism

The effect of one cytokine inhibits or offsets the effect of anither cytokine

Antagonism

Adaptive immunity that is for recovery from infection

Active natural

Adaptive immunity that is for immunization with vaccines

Active artificial

Transplacental transfer of maternal igG, IgA in colostrum

Passive natural

Serum immune globulins/ Monoclonal antibodies

Artificial passive

Provides long term immunologic memory type of immunity

Active

Privides immediate but temporary protection

Passive

Live pathogens that have been weakend thru modified culturr conditions

Attenuated

Examples of attenuated vaccines

"I love Chicken EMBRYO" Influenza Chicken cholera Epidemic typhus MMR BCG Rotavirus Yellow fever OPV (sabin)

Vaccine that contains killed microorganisms

Inactivated

Vaccines that contain one or more purified components of a pathogen and is require of adjuvant and booster

Subunit

Component of adaptive response that is defense against intra cellular antigens and direct cell to cell contact

Cell-mediated (T cell) response

Component of adaptive response that is defense against extracellular antigens (bacteria), antibody production

Humoral immune response

Phase of Antibody response that has no antibody is detectable

Lag phase

Phase of antibody response that antibody titer increases logarithmically

Log

Antibody response that the antibody titer stabilizes

Plateu phase

Antibody response that antibodies are catabolized

Decline phase

Long lag, short plateu, rapid decline involves plasma cells, IgM and has a low and short lived antibody titer

Primary response

Short lag, long plateu, gradual decline and involves memory cells, IgH and higher antibody titer (10 fold)

Secondary/Anamnestic response

ISBB - INTRO IS Flashcards

(133 cards)