Hypertrophy 1

Question 1

SAID principle
* … (SAID)
* It is one of the most important concepts in muscle hypertrophy and resynthesis

Answer 1

SAID principle
* Specific Adaptations to Imposed Demand (SAID); or
* It is one of the most important concepts in muscle hypertrophy and resynthesis

Question 2

Skeletal muscle structure
* Wrappings of … surrounding muscle fibres
* … are contractile units of muscles
* Other … (mitochondria, sarcoplasmic reticulum, etc.)
Sarcoplasm
* That is the … of muscle cell including …, …, and various organic molecules
N…

Answer 2

Skeletal muscle structure
* Wrappings of connective tissue surrounding muscle fibres
* Myofibrils are contractile units of muscles
* Other proteins (mitochondria, sarcoplasmic reticulum, etc.)
Sarcoplasm
* That is the cytoplasm of muscle cell including water, salts, and various organic molecules
Nucleus

Question 3

Muscle hypertrophy
Muscle growth
* Development of muscle …, … and …

Transient (…) hypertrophy
* … after an exercise bout
* Increase the volume of …
* … (…) in the intracellular space

Chronic (…) hypertrophy
* … changes due to long-term resistance training
* Increased the number of … in … (fiber …)
* Increased number of muscle … (fiber …)

… exercise: muscle fiber protein …

Answer 3

Muscle hypertrophy
Muscle growth
* Development of muscle mass, density and capacity

Transient (Sarcoplasmic) hypertrophy
* Immediately after an exercise bout
* Increase the volume of sarcoplasmic fluid
* Fluid accumulation (edema) in the intracellular space

Chronic (Myofibrillar) hypertrophy
* Structural changes due to long-term resistance training
* Increased the number of MYOFIBRILS in parallel (fiber hypertrophy)
* Increased number of muscle fibers (fiber hyperplasia)!!! FALSE, CANNOT INCREASE #

Eccentric exercise: muscle fiber protein remodelling

Question 4

Chronic SARCOPLASMIC Hypertrophy
if it is WATER = …
if it is non contractile protein = …

• Expansion of sarcoplasm (NOT … necessarily)
• INCREASE in the VOLUME of …, sarcoplasmic reticulum, t-tubules, and/or sarcoplasmic enzyme or substrate content.”

NOT JUST MYOFIBRIL. Non-myofibril proteins increase in size. All the non-contractile above increase in size.

• Myofibrils occupy ∼…% of the intracellular space
• Non-myofibrillar (sarcoplasmic) proteins and enzymes occupy ∼..% of the intracellular space
• Mitochondria occupy ∼…% of the space
  THESE 2 can be enlarged

Answer 4

Chronic Sarcoplasmic Hypertrophy
if it is WATER = transient
if it is non contractile protein = CHRONIC

• Expansion of sarcoplasm (NOT sarcoplasmic fluid necessarily)
• Increase in the volume of mitochondria, sarcoplasmic reticulum, t-tubules, and/or sarcoplasmic enzyme or substrate content.”
• Myofibrils occupy ∼85% of the intracellular space
• Non-myofibrillar (sarcoplasmic) proteins and enzymes occupy ∼9% of the intracellular space
• Mitochondria occupy ∼6% of the space