IGOs influence

Question 1

what do IGOs aim for

Answer 1

-global peace
-encourage conflict resolution
-help environment
-promote free trade and capitalism in countries

Question 2

when were the most influential IGOS created

Answer 2

at the Bretton Woods conference in 1944 (the world bank and IMF)

Question 3

what policies do IGOs encourage

Answer 3

policies that support modernisation theory

Question 4

negative effect of IGOs

Answer 4

-dependency theory
-some policies e.g. SAPs erode national sovereignty and promote austerity
-undermines education, health and social programmes

Question 5

what are SAPs

Answer 5

Economic and financial reform programs
-imposed on developing countries by IMF and World Bank in exchange for loans

Question 6

what’s austerity

Answer 6

government policies that reduce spending and/or increase taxes to lower a country’s national debt

Question 7

what are IGOs used as

Answer 7

a tool to implement the policies of those who have the greatest control over them

Question 8

what is the US role in the UN

Answer 8

-one of the 5 permanent members of the UN security council
-largest provider of financial contributions to the UN

Question 9

statistic supporting the fact that the US are the largest provider of financial contributions to the UN (IGO)

Answer 9

providided 22% of
the UN budget in 2025

Question 10

role of the UN security council

Answer 10

-maintain international peace and security
-determines threats to peace
-recommends peaceful dispute resolutions
-imposes sanctions
-authorises the use of force

Question 11

what is the IMF decision making (IGO which America has influence over)

Answer 11

-IMF decision making not simply technocratic (not neutral) but also guided by political and economic concerns

Question 12

example of Americas role in IMF

Answer 12

-2010 reforms agreed by G20 cannot pass without American approval
-85% of the funds voting power is required and Americans hold more than 16% of voting power

Question 13

economic benefit of IGOs (IMF)

Answer 13

member countries have: -technical assistance in banking
-financial support in times of payment difficulties
-opportunities for trade and investment

Question 14

political benefits of IGOs (UN security council vote)

Answer 14

-IGOs can give legitimacy to a nation’s action
-platform for cooperation and deals to be struck

Question 15

security benefits of IGOs (NATO)

Answer 15

-gives security benefits to
member countries- article 5- system of collective defence
-political consultation and cooperation on security issues= solve problems, build trust, prevent conflict

Question 16

ideological benefits of IGOs

Answer 16

-members tend to be more democratic
-democracies last longer

Question 17

example of alternatives to IGOs (such as IMF)

Answer 17

-at the 6th BRICs summit in 2014 the BRICS nations announced the BRICS contingent reserve arrangement (CRA)
-initial size of US 100 billion