Inheritance & Populations

Question 1

What is a genotype?

Answer 1

The genetic constitution of an organism.

Question 2

What is a phenotype?

Answer 2

Expression of this genetic constitution and its interaction with the environment.

Question 3

What are the 3 version of alleles?

Answer 3

Recessive

Dominant

Codominance

Question 4

When is chi-squared used?

Answer 4

To compare the goodness of fit of
observed phenotypic ratios with expected ratios.

Question 5

What is codominance?

Answer 5

Occurs when both alleles for a gene are fully and equally expressed in the phenotype of a heterozygous individual.

Question 6

What is epistasis?

Answer 6

Epistasis is when a gene at one locus inhibits the expression of a gene at another locus.

Question 7

Definition of gene pool

Answer 7

The complete range of all the genes and their corresponding alleles present in an interbreeding population at a specific time.

Question 8

Definition of allele frequency

Answer 8

The measure of how often a specific allele occurs within the gene pool of a population.

Question 9

Definition of population

Answer 9

A group of organisms of the same species occupying a particular space at a particular time that can potentially interbreed.

Question 10

What is the Hardy-Weinberg equation used for?

Answer 10

Estimate the frequency of alleles, genotypes or phenotypes in a population to see change over time

Question 11

What assumptions are made if allele frequency does not change across generations?

Answer 11

No mutations

No migration or movement of alleles

Population is suitably large

No selection occuring

Mating is random

Question 12

2 Hardy-weinburg equations

Answer 12

p + q =1.0

p^ + 2pq + q^ = 1.0

p = dominant allele
q = recessive allele

Question 13

What is sex linkage?

Answer 13

Any gene carried on the X or Y chromosome

Question 14

What is autosomal linkage?

Answer 14

Situation where two or more genes are carried on the same autosome