Zoology > Joints > Flashcards

Joints Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

study of joints and articulations between bones

A

Anthrology

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2
Q

Immovable

A

Synarthroses

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3
Q

Slightly movable

A

Amphiarthroses

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4
Q

Freely movable

A

Diarthroses

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5
Q

Classification of Joints

A
  1. Fibrous joint
  2. Cartilaginous joint
  3. Synovial joints
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6
Q

Fibrous Joints

A
  • no joint cavity
  • bones united by fibrous tissue
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7
Q

3 Types of Fibrous Joints:

A
  1. Syndesmoses
  2. Suture
  3. Gomphoses
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8
Q

joints with fibrous tissue uniting medium

A

Syndesmoses

  • New Latin, from Greek syndesmos fastening, ligament, from syndein.
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9
Q

joints between bones of the skull

A

Suture

  • derived from the Latin sutura, which means “a sewing together,”
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10
Q

a fibrous mobile peg-and-socket joint.

A

Gomphosis

  • New Latin, from Greek “gomphoein” to bolt together, from gomphos tooth, peg.
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11
Q

Cartilaginous joints

A
  • contain no joint cavity
  • united by a cartilage
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12
Q

3 Types of Cartilaginous Joint:

A
  1. Synchondrosis - (syn: together, chondrosis: cartilage)
  2. Symphyses - (symphusis - growing together)
  3. Synostosis - (syn: together, ostosis: bone)
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13
Q

found in hyaline cartilage joints, immovable joint in which the uniting medium is a bone

A

Synchondrosis

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14
Q

refers to a joint in which the uniting medium is a bone

A

Synostosis

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15
Q

Synovial Joints general structures:

A
  1. Articular surface
  2. Articular cartilage
  3. Articular Cavity
  4. Joint Capsule
  5. Ligaments
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16
Q

specialized layer of compact bone on the surfaces that articulate with other bones

A

Articular surface

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17
Q

layer of hyaline cartilage covering the articular surface. Periosteum covers the remainder of the bone

A

Articular cartilage

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18
Q

potential space between adjacent bones and is surrounded by the joint capsule.

A

Articular cavity

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19
Q

consist of two layers. Deeper layer is composed of synovial membrane which secrete synovial fluid

A

Joint capsule

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20
Q

connective tissue bands that extend from bone to bone.

A

Ligaments

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21
Q

found within joints and are surrounded by joint capsule

A

Intracapsular

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22
Q

found outside the joint capsule

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A

Extracapsular

23
Q

Movements of Joints

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A
  1. Gliding or sliding
  2. Flexion
  3. Extension
  4. Hyperextension
  5. Rotation
  6. Adduction
  7. Abduction
  8. Circumduction
24
Q

refers to the movement in the sagittal plane that tends to decrease the angle between segments making up the joint

25
reverse of flexion and refers to the movement in the sagittal plane that tends to increase the angle between segments forming joints
Extension
26
refers to the movement in which the angle between segments is increase beyond 180 degrees
Hyperextension
27
consists of a twisting movement of a segment around its axis
Rotation
28
refers to the movement of an extremity towards the median plane
Adduction
29
results from a combination of the preceding movements and may be defined as a movement in which the extremity describes a cone
Circumduction
30
movement that tends to rotate an extremity so that the dorsum is up
Pronation
31
movement that tends to rotate an extremity so that the palmar (volar) or plantar aspect of the limb is up.
Supination
32
move only in the sagittal plane. Movements possible are: Flexion, Extension, and hyperextension
Ginglymus (hinge) joints
33
have only a slight gliding movement between relatively flat opposed surface
Arthrodial joints
34
rotary movement occur around one axis
Trochoid or pivot joint
35
joint between the atlas and the axis bone of the cervical vertebrae
Atlanto-occipital joint
36
joints which permits movement in nearly all direction
Spheroid joint
37
convex articular condyles articulate with somewhat concave areas
Condylar (condyloid) joint
38
articular surface that is expanded more in one direction than another, forming an ellipse.
Ellipsoid joint
39
(human) joints found in the skull
Suture
40
(human) joint between the mandible (jaw bone) and the temporal bone of the skull
Temporomandibular joint
41
(human) joint between the skull and the first cervical vertebra of the neck
Atlanto-occipital joint
42
(human) between adjacent vertebrae throughout the rest of the vertebral column
Symphyseal joint
43
no true bony connection with the thorax
Scapular joint
44
(scapulo-humeral joint) is a spheroid (ball and socket joint. Movements in all direction including rotation
Shoulder joint
45
true ginglymus (hinge) joint formed by the condyles (spool-like distal end of the humerus) meeting the proximal end of the radius and ulna
Elbow Joint
46
complex joint which not only permits flexion and extension between the radius and proximal row of the carpal bones, but also between the proximal and distal row of the carpal bones
Carpus joint (knee)
47
formed by the distal end of the metacarpus, the proximal end of the first phalanx or long pastern bone
Fetlock joint
48
gignlymus joint between the first and second phalanges
Pastern Joint
49
formed by the second and third phalanges. Large encased in the hoof and is a ginglymus joint.
Coffin joint
50
the only bony connection between the axial and appendicular skeleton
Sacroiliac joint
51
is the only arthrodial type
Hip joint
52
derived of synchondrosis:
syn: together chondrosis: cartilage
53
derived of synostosis:
syn: together ostosis: bone
54
derived Greek word of symphysis:
sumphusis = growing together
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