Urinary System

Question 1

a system that rids the body of waste products.

Answer 1

Urinary System

Question 2

Functions of the kidney:

Answer 2

• filters blood plasma
• separate wastes from useful chemicals
• returns useful substances to the blood
• eliminates wastes
• regulate blood volume and pressure by
  eliminating or conserving water

Question 3

from amino acids in extreme starvation

Answer 3

Gluconeogenesis

Question 4

any substance that is useless to the body or present
in excess of the body’s needs

Answer 4

Waste

Question 5

waste substance produced by the body

Answer 5

Metabolic waste

Question 6

Product of nucleic acid catabolism

Answer 6

Uric acid

Question 7

Product of creatine phosphate catabolism

Answer 7

Creatinine

Question 8

expression of the level of nitrogenous waste in the blood

Answer 8

Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

Question 9

elevated BUN

Answer 9

Azotemia

Question 10

syndrome of diarrhea, vomiting, dyspnea, and cardiac arrhythmia stemming from the toxicity of nitrogenous waste

Answer 10

Uremia

Question 11

treatment of Uremia:

Answer 11

hemodialysis or organ transplant

Question 12

separation of wastes from the body fluids and the elimination of them

Answer 12

Excretion

Question 13

Four body systems carry out excretion:

Answer 13

1. Respiratory system
2. Integumentary system
3. Digestive system
4. Urinary system

Question 14

The lateral surface is _______, and the medial is concave with a slit called the _______.

Answer 14

convex
hilum

Question 15

Three protective connective tissue coverings:

Answer 15

• Renal fascia - immediately deep to the parietal peritoneum
• Perirenal fat capsule - cushions kidney and holds it into place
• Fibrous capsule - encloses kidney protecting it from trauma and infection

Question 16

glandular tissue that forms urine

Answer 16

Renal parenchyma

Question 17

contains blood and lymphatic vessels, nerves, and urine-collecting structures

Answer 17

Renal sinus

Question 18

Two zones of renal parenchyma:

Answer 18

• Outer renal cortex
• Inner renal medulla

Question 19

extensions of the cortex that project inward toward sinus

Answer 19

Renal columns

Question 20

6 to 10 with broad base facing cortex and renal
papilla facing sinus

Answer 20

Renal pyramids

Question 21

cup that nestles the papilla of each pyramid; collects it urine

Answer 21

Minor calyx

Question 22

formed by convergence of two or three minor calyces

Answer 22

Major calyces

Question 23

formed by convergence of two or three major calyces

Answer 23

Renal pelvis

Question 24

a tubular continuation of the pelvis that drains the urine down to the urinary bladder

Answer 24

Ureter

Question 25

Renal artery divides into segmental arteries that give rise to:

Answer 25

* **Interlobar arteries:** up renal columns, between pyramids * **Arcuate arteries:** over pyramids * **Interlobular arteries:** up into the cortex * **Branch into afferent arterioles:** each supplying nephron * Leads to a ball of capillaries— **glomerulus**

Question 26

empties into inferior vena cava

Answer 26

Renal vein

Question 27

Each nephrons are composed of two principal parts

Answer 27

– **Renal corpuscle:** filters the blood plasma – **Renal tubule:** long coiled tube that converts the filtrate

Question 28

a layer of Bowman capsule that is simple squamous epithelium

Answer 28

Parietal (outer) layer

Question 29

a layer of Bowman capsule that consists of elaborate cells called podocytes that wrap around the capillaries of the glomerulus

Answer 29

Visceral (inner) layer

Question 30

separates the two layers of the Bowman capsule

Answer 30

Capsular space

Question 31

the side of the corpuscle where the afferent arterial enters the corpuscle and the efferent arteriole leaves

Answer 31

Vascular pole

Question 32

the opposite side of the corpuscle where the renal tubule begins

Answer 32

Urinary pole

Question 33

a duct that leads away from the glomerular capsule and ends at the tip of the medullary pyramid

Answer 33

Renal (uriniferous) tubule

Question 34

arises from glomerular capsule

Answer 34

Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)

Question 35

long U-shaped portion of renal tubule

Answer 35

Nephron loop (loop of Henle)

Question 36

begins shortly after the ascending limb reenters the cortex

Answer 36

Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)

Question 37

receives fluid from the DCTs of several nephrons as it passes back into the medulla

Answer 37

Collecting duct

Question 38

formed by merger of several collecting ducts

Answer 38

Papillary duct

Question 39

the flow of fluid from the point where the glomerular filtrate is formed to the point where urine leaves the body:

Answer 39

glomerular capsule → proximal convoluted tubule → nephron loop → distal convoluted tubule → collecting duct → papillary duct → minor calyx → major calyx → renal pelvis → ureter → urinary bladder → urethra

Question 40

85% of all nephrons

Answer 40

Cortical nephrons

Question 41

15% of all nephrons

Answer 41

Juxtamedullary nephrons

Question 42

nerves and ganglia wrapped around each renal artery

Answer 42

Renal plexus