Nervous System (continuation)

Question 1

Cerebrum Characteristics:

Answer 1

• Largest portion of the brain

Divisions:
* Right Hemisphere
* Left Hemisphere

• Lobes: frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal

Question 2

surface of cerebrum, composed of gray matter

Answer 2

Cerebral Cortex

Question 3

folds on the cerebral cortex that increase the surface area

Answer 3

Gyri

Question 4

shallow indentations

Answer 4

Sulci

Question 5

deep indentations

Answer 5

Fissure

Question 6

Left hemisphere:
Right hemisphere:

Answer 6

Left hemisphere:
- controls the right side of the body
- responsible for math, analytic, and speech

Right hemisphere:
- controls the left side of the body
- responsible for music, art, abstract ideas

Question 7

connection between 2 hemispheres

Answer 7

Corpus callosum

Question 8

Lobes of Brain:

Answer 8

• Frontal lobe
  
  • Location: front
  • Function: controls voluntary motor functions, aggression,
    moods, smell
• Parietal lobe
  
  • Location: top
  • Function: evaluates sensory input such as touch, pain,
    pressure, temp., taste
• Occipital lobe
  
  • Location: back
  • Function: vision
• Temporal lobe
  
  • Location: sides
  • Function: hearing, smell, memory

Question 9

controls balance, muscle tone, coordination of fine motor movement

Answer 9

Cerebellum

Question 10

Sensory Functions:

Answer 10

• CNS constantly receives sensory input
• We are unaware of most sensory input
• Sensory input is vital to our survival and normal functions

Question 11

pathways in brain and spinal cord

Answer 11

Ascending Tracts

Question 12

• frontal lobe
• control voluntary motor movement

Answer 12

Primary motor cortex

Question 13

• frontal lobe
• where motor functions are organized before initiation

Answer 13

Premotor area

Question 14

motivation and foresight to plan and initiate movement

Answer 14

Prefrontal area

Question 15

Project from upper motor neurons in cerebral cortex to lower motor neurons in spinal cord and brainstem

Answer 15

Descending Tracts

Question 16

• Group of functionally related nuclei
• Plan, organize, coordinate motor movements and posture

Answer 16

Basal Nuclei

Question 17

where words are heard and comprehended

Answer 17

Sensory speech (Wernicke’s area)

Question 18

where words are formulated

Answer 18

Motor speech (Bronca’s area)

Question 19

electrodes plated on scalp to record brain’s electrical activity

Answer 19

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

Question 20

person is awake in quiet state

Answer 20

Alpha waves

Question 21

intense mental activity

Answer 21

Beta waves

Question 22

deep sleep

Answer 22

Delta waves

Question 23

brain waves in children

Answer 23

Theta waves

Question 24

brief retention of sensory input received by brain while something is scanned, evaluated, and acted up

Answer 24

Encoding

Question 25

data that has been encoded

Answer 25

Consolidated

Question 26

long term memory

Answer 26

Storage

Question 27

how often information is used

Answer 27

Retrieval

Question 28

information is retained for a few seconds or min.

Answer 28

Short-term memory

Question 29

can last for a few minutes or permanently

Answer 29

Long-term memory

Question 30

places or events

Answer 30

Episodic memory

Question 31

utilizing past memories

Answer 31

Learning

Question 32

protective wrapping around brain and spinal cord

Answer 32

Meninges

Question 33

infection of meninges (bacterial or viral)

Answer 33

Meningitis

Question 34

cavities in CNS that contain fluid

Answer 34

Ventricles

Question 35

2 categories of functions of cranial nerves:

Answer 35

sensory motor

Question 36

Divisions of Peripheral Nervous System:

Answer 36

**Afferent (Sensory):** collects input from the periphery and sends it to the CNS **Efferent (Motor):** carries processed input from CNS to the effector

Question 37

Divisions of Efferent (Motor):

Answer 37

1. Autonomic nervous system: - response is automatic (involuntary) - controls smooth and cardiac muscles and glands 2. Somatic nervous system: - response is voluntary - controls skeletal muscles

Question 38

activated during times of stress

Answer 38

Sympathetic

Question 39

activated under normal conditions

Answer 39

Parasympathetic

Question 40

2 sensory receptors of PNS:

Answer 40

* **somatic sensory receptors** - monitor the outside world and our position in it * **visceral sensory receptors** - monitor the internal conditions and the status of other organ system

Question 41

effectors of the somatic nervous system

Answer 41

skeletal muscles