3rdYr PATHOLOGY > Kidneys > Flashcards

Kidneys Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

Which of the following statements describes an Adenocarcinoma of the kidney?

A
  1. composed of bright yellow-gray white tissue
  2. they affect more common on the poles
  3. occur most often in older individuals.
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2
Q

The Wilm’s tumor is consists histologically of;

A
  1. muscle
  2. bone
  3. Cartilage
  4. Epithelial cells
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3
Q

The usual site of impaction of calculi in the ureters is at the;

A
  1. entrance of the ureter into the bladder.
  2. where they cross the iliac vessel
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4
Q

The most common etiologic agent in Pyelonephritis

A
  1. Escherichia Coli (E. coli)
  2. Enterobacter
  3. Proteus
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5
Q

A calculi in the ureters is considered a/an;

A

C. Intrinsic Obstructive pathology

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6
Q

Some predisposing causes of Cystitis in young women.

A
  1. trauma of coitus
  2. pregnancy
  3. Because of short urethra
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7
Q

Normal kidney range by vertebral location.

A

T11-L3 to T12-L2

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8
Q

Which of the following are the classifications of Renal Cysts according to Bernstein?

A

Parenchymal Renal cyst
Medullary Cystic disease
Perihilar Renal cyst

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9
Q

The following diseases/conditions can be considered as an intrinsic obstructive pathology.

A
  1. blood clot
  2. tumors
  3. Calculi
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10
Q

The following describes a Renal Simple cyst.

A
  1. filled with clear fluid
  2. Translucent
  3. Smooth membrane
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11
Q

Gram negative bacilli that are normal inhabitants of the intestinal tract is the dominant etiologic agents of urinary tract infection. The most common are;

A
  1. Enterobacter
  2. Escherichia coli
  3. Klebsiella
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12
Q

The kidneys secrete the following;

A

B. Rennin
D. Prostaglandins

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13
Q

Some of the Patterns of Presentation of Nephroblastoma are the following;

A
  1. persistence of extrinsic lesion
  2. presence of blood in urine
  3. the presence of blood clot
  4. the presence of intestinal obstruction
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14
Q

What are the Three most common Malignant tumors of the kidney in DECREASING ORDER.

A

Primary Renal Cell Carcinoma
Wilm’s Tumor
Urothelial Tumors

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15
Q

Enumerate at least Five (5) Predisposing cases that may cause an infection of the Urinary bladder.

A

Cystocele
Bladder Calculi
Bladder Neoplasm
Trauma
Pregnancy

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16
Q

The Two (2) Renal anomalies that account for about 20% of chronic renal failure.

A

Renal Dysplasia
Renal Hypoplasia

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17
Q

The Three (3) Distinct Coats of the Ureter.

A

an outer fibrous investment
a thick muscular coat
a lining mucosa of transitional epithelium

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18
Q

Which of the following describes the Kidney?

A

weighs 150 grams and about 11 centimeters in length.

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19
Q

How many minor calyces a normal human kidney has?

A

12

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20
Q

An anomaly wherein it may produce a palpable pelvic mass which can be confused as a pelvic tumor due to an abnormal position of the kidney.

A

Ectopic Kidney

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21
Q

This anomaly is capable of normal kidney function and are not more predisposed to renal disease than the normal, and it is said to be slightly more common with renal calculi.

A

Horseshoe Kidney

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22
Q

A relatively common condition which is universally bilateral, where the cyst initially involve only portion of the Nephron, so the renal function is retained.

A

Adult Polycystic Disease

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23
Q

In Horseshoe kidney, which pole has a great majority of its fusion?

24
Q

Refers to the formation of large vesicles in the bladder mucosa from the collection of large amounts of submucosal edema fluid.

Study These Flashcards
A

Bullous Cystitis

25
An anomaly which are almost invariably associated either with totally distinct double renal pelvis or with the anomalous development of a very large kidney.
Double and Bifid Ureters / Double Ureters
26
This refers to a kidney that failed to develop to its normal size.
Renal Hypoplasia
27
This pertains to the kidneys that failed to develop during embryonic development.
Agenesis of the Kidney
28
If the kidney possesses a reduced in the number of renal lobules and calyces, this anomaly is called:
True Hypoplastic Kidney
29
A kidney disease that is so completely cystic and that the intra-renal parenchyma appears virtually obliterated.
Polycystic Kidney Disease
30
A few patients with this type of polycystic kidney disease who survive infancy develop a peculiar type of hepatic fibrosis characterized by bland periportal fibrosis and proliferation of well differentiated biliary ductules.
Congenital Hepatic Fibrosis
31
Congenital anomaly wherein the kidneys may fail to develop during embryonic development or there is incomplete development or it may have a total absence of the kidney; hence this is obviously incompatible with life and is only encountered in still-born infants.
Agenesis of the Kidney / Bilateral Agenesis
32
Hypernephroma or Adenocarcinoma of the kidney is better known as;
Renal Cell Carcinoma
33
This disorder has chronic inflammatory changes that comprise reddening and granularity of the ureteral mucosa, both of which are more marked than those found in acute inflammation.
Ureteritis
34
An acute suppurative bacterial infections of the kidney and renal calyces associated with urinary tract infection.
Acute Pyelonephritis
35
An inflammation involving the Urinary bladder.
Cystitis
36
If the kidney fails to develop to its normal size, this anomaly is called;
Renal Hypoplasia
37
Another component of urinary tract infection wherein it is an inflammation of the ureters.
Ureteritis
38
The turning out of the urinary bladder.
Exstrophy of the Bladder
39
This may occur as a part of a systemic disorder or as an apparently primary infection of the urethra.
Ureteritis
40
An anomaly wherein there is fusion of either upper or the lower poles of the kidney.
Horseshoe Kidney
41
In Ectopic kidney, what causes the obstruction to the flow of urine that may predispose to bacterial infection?
Because of their Abnormal position, kinking or tortuosity of the ureters
42
The accumulation or aggregation of lymphocytes in the sub-epithelial region may cause a slight elevation of the mucosa and may produce a fine granular mucosal surface called the;
Ureteritis Follicularis
43
An anomaly more common in males where the urethral orifice being located anywhere on the dorsum of the penis.
Epispadias
44
Large kidney is better known as;
Megalokidney / Nephromegaly
45
A fibromuscular tube that conveys the urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder.
Ureter
46
Wilm’s tumor is better known as;
Nephroblastoma
47
Why are the female ureters vulnerable to injury during operations on the female genital tract?
Because to their close anatomical proximity to the uterus, ovaries, and associated blood vessels.
48
A developmental anomaly in which the male urethra opens on the undersurface of the penis or it maybe on the base of the penis.
Hypospadias
49
The apices / apex of the renal pyramids are called.
Papillae
50
Renal calculi are the cause of one of the most intense form of pain encountered in clinical practice called;
Renal Colic
51
The dilatation of the renal pelvis and calyces associated with progressive atrophy of the kidney due to obstruction to the flow of urine.
Hydronephrosis
52
It has an approximate length of 30 centimeters and about 5mm in diameters that arises as budlike outgrowth from the wolfian ducts.
Ureters
53
A disorder which has a diagnosis that requires not only cortical scarring but also evidence of involvement of the collecting systems or there is deformity of the pelvi-calyceal system.
Chronic Pyelonephritis
54
The point of entrance and exit into and from the kidney of the nerves, blood vessels and renal pelvis as well.
Hilum / Hilus
55
The constriction of the orifice of the prepuce so that it cannot be drawn back over the glans penis thereby it interferes with cleanliness and permits the accumulation of secretions and detritus under the prepuce.
Phimosis
56
An anomaly that may occur as unilateral or bilateral wherein the kidney is enlarged, extremely irregular and multicystic.
Adult Polycystic Disease
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