Lesson 1.1

Question 1

is generally of longer duration, and is associated histologically with the presence of lymphocytes and macrophages and the proliferation ofsmall blood vessels.

Answer 1

Chronic Inflammation

Question 2

– a large ameboid phagocytic blood cell in connective tissue

Answer 2

Macrophage

Question 3

– a product of lymphoid tissue that participates in immunity

Answer 3

Lymphocyte

Question 4

– growth/production of cells by multiplication of parts.

Answer 4

Proliferation

Question 5

CLINICAL SIGNS OF INFLAMMATION
1. Tumor
2. Rubor
3. Dolor
4. Calor
5. Functio-Laesa

Answer 5

• Swelling
• Redness
• Pain
• Heat/Burn
• Loss of function

Question 6

– results from the dilatation of the microcirculation in the environs of
the injury.

Answer 6

HEAT and REDNESS (Rubor/Calor)

Question 7

– is largely produced by the escape of fluid, plasma proteins and cells from the blood
into perivascular tissues.

Answer 7

SWELLING (Tumor)

Question 8

is somewhat more obscure, but the best evidence suggest that over pain can be
induced by the Prostaglandins where there is increased tissue tension due to edema.

Answer 8

PAIN

Question 9

the escape of fluid, proteins and cells from the vascular system.

Answer 9

Exudation

Question 10

– a substance that exuded or an inflammatory extravascular fluid that has a high protein concentration, much cellular debris, and has a specific gravity above 1.020.

Answer 10

Exudate

Question 11

– is a low protein fluid with a specific gravity of less than 1.012. It is essentially an ultrafiltrate of blood plasma, and has a low protein content (most of which is albumin), and generally results from
hydrostatic alterations across the vascular endothelium.

Answer 11

Transudate

Question 12

– to produce/discharge Pus; as ion wound.

Answer 12

Suppurate

Question 13

– a forming of Pus.

Answer 13

Suppuration

Question 14

an inflammatory exudate which is rich in proteins and contains numerous leukocytes and parenchymal cell debris.

Answer 14

Pus

Question 15

THE LOCAL MANIFESTATIONS OF ACUTE INFLAMMATION CLEARLY HIGHLIGHT THE THREE (3) MAJOR COMPONENTS OF THE INFLAMMTORY RESPONSE

Answer 15

1. Changes in Vascular Flow and Caliber (or referred to as “Hemodynamic Changes”).
2. Changes in Vascular Permeability
3. Leukocytic Exudation

Question 16

– are best observed in thin, transparent injured tissues under the phase microscope. This changes begin very early after injury but develop at varying rates, depending upon the severity of the injury. They are important in determining blood flow to the injured areas, and the amount of exudates that may eventually form.

Answer 16

HEMODYNAMIC CHANGES

Question 17

– there is leakage of fluid as a consequence of changes in the permeability of the microvasculature, with resultant tissue swelling (Edema), which is a major and
constant characteristics of all acute inflammatory reactions.

Answer 17

CHANGES IN VASCULAR PERMEABILITY

Question 18

– the massing of leukocytes, principally Neutrophils and Monocytes in sites of
inflammation, may constitute the prime defensive feature of the inflammatory response.

Answer 18

LEUKOCYTIC EXUDATION

Question 19

BASIC TYPES OF WHITE CELLS THAT TAKE PART IN THE INFLAMMATORY REACTION

Answer 19

1. Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes, including Neutrophils, Eosinophils and Basophils.
2. Monocytes
3. Lymphocytes
4. Plasma Cells

Question 20

All of these, except for the ______, are normal inhabitants of the circulating blood.

Answer 20

plasma cells

Question 21

These cell types play a distinctive roles in inflammation and enter into the inflammatory response in a definite consequence.

Answer 21

Plasma Cells