1
Q
endocrine glands
A
- pituitary gland
- thyroid gland
- parathyroids
- adrenals
- pancreas
- thymus
2
Q
pituitary gland
- location
- connected to hypothalamus by
- 2 lobes
A
- lies in sella turcica of the spenoid bone
- infundibulum
- anterior (adenohypopyis) and posterior (neurohypopysis)
3
Q
thyroid gland
- location
- what does it look like
- 2 lobes joined by
A
- anterior surface of the trachea
- butterfly
- right and left lobes; joined by isthmus
4
Q
parathyroids
- location
- 2 pairs
A
- posterior surface of the lobes of the thyroid gland
- superior and inferior
5
Q
adrenals
- location
- definition
- covered by
A
- superior to each kidney
- triangular structure consisting of an outer adrenal cortex and inner adrenal medulla
- CT capsule
6
Q
pancreas
- location
- consists of
A
- between stomach and duodenum
- head, body and tail
7
Q
thymus
- location
- consists of
- divided into
- large in
A
- lies in mediastinum
- 2 long lobes separated by CT into lobules
- outer cortex and inner medulla
- children an reaches max size during puberty
8
Q
adenohypopysis
- composed of
- secretes
A
- glandular epithelial tissue
- 7 hormones (TSH, GH, prolactin, ACTH, FSH, LH and MSH)
9
Q
neurohypopysis
- consists of
- secretes
- scattered among the nerve fibers are ___
A
- nerve fibers
- oxytocin and ADH
- pituicytes
10
Q
thyroid gland
- tissue
- consists of
A
- cuboidal epithelium
- follicles,colloid, c cells
11
Q
colloid contains
A
thyroglobulin
12
Q
thyroglobulin
A
a storage form of the thyroid hormones (thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)
13
Q
parafollicular cells or C cells
A
secretes calcitonin
14
Q
parathyroid glands
- hormone produced
- function of hormone
A
- parathyroid hormone
- regulate [Ca++] in body fluids; responds directly to [Ca++] in body fluids; increases Ca++
15
Q
adrenal gland
- secretes
- cortex is divided into
A
- corticosteroids
- zona glomerulosa
- zona fasiculata
- zona reticularis
- zona glomerulosa
16
Q
zona glomerulosa
- hormone produced
- main principle of that hormone
A
- mineralcorticoids
- aldosterone
17
Q
zona fasiculata
- hormone produced
- main principle of that hormone
A
- glucocorticoids
- cortisol
18
Q
zona reticularis
-hormone produced
A
-androgens
19
Q
pancreas
- exocrine gland consists of
- endocrine system cells
A
- acinar cells
- pancreatic islets
20
Q
acinar cells
A
secrete digestive enzymes
21
Q
pancreatic islets
A
secrete insulin and glucagon
22
Q
thymus
-what does medulla contain
A
thymic or hassall’s corpuscles
23
Q
anterior pituitary hormones
A
- growth hormone
- thyroid stimulating hormone
- adrenocorticotropic hormone
- follicle stimulating hormone
- luteinizing hormone
- prolactin
24
Q
growth hormone
-functions
A
- growth
- protein anabolism
- lipid mobalization and catabolism
25
TSH
| -functions
controls secretion of hormones by thyroid gland
26
ACTH functions
controls secretion of glucocorticoids by adrenal cortex
27
FSH functions
- female
- male
- initiates dev of follicles that secrete estrogen
| - stimulates sperm maturation
28
LH functions
- female
- male
- triggers ovulation and secretes progesterone
| - stimulates interstitial cells of Leydig in the testes to produce testosterone
29
prolactin function
stimulates milk production by the mammary glands
30
posterior pituitary hormones
oxytocin and ADH
31
oxytocin functions
- female
- male
- induces labor and milk ejection
| - stimulates contractions of vas deferens and prostate gland
32
antidiuretic hormone
- functions
- consequences
- increases water reabsorption
| - decreased urine vol, elevated blood vol and pressure
33
thyroid hormones
| -functions
1. increases metabolic rate of most cells
| 2. stimulates growth and development and activity of the nervous system
34
calcitonin functions
1. lowers blood levels of Ca++ by inhibiting breakdown of bone and enhancing the excretion of Ca++ by the kidney
35
parathyroids
| -function
- increases blood Ca++ levels by:
1. stimulates osteoclasts and the release of Ca++ from bone
2. inhibits osteaoblasts and bone deposition
3. increases Ca++ reabsorption by the kidney
4. accelerates Ca++ absorption by the digestive tract
36
mineralcorticoids
- mainly
- functions
- stimulus
- aldosterone
- 1. increases renal reabsorption of sodium and water
2. decreases renal reabsorption of potassium
- 1. decreased blood levels of Na+ or increased blood levels of K+
2. activation of renin-angiotensin pathway by decreased blood vol or pressure or sympathetic stimulation
37
glucocorticoids
- mainly
- functions
- stimulus
- cortisol
- 1. helps promote normal metabolism of glucose, protein and fat
2. provides resistance to stress and anti inflammatory effects
- stress and low blood levels of glucocorticoids
38
gonadocorticoids
- mainly
- function
- androgens
| - secreted in low amounts and effects are insignificant
39
adrenal medulla hormones
- epinephrine and noepinephrine
- 1. sympathomimetic (produces effects that mimic those of the ANS during stress
- activation of the sym. NS
40
glucagon
- functions
- stimulus
- 1. increase blood sugar level by accelerating glucose synthesis and glycogen breakdown
2. increases rate of lipolysis
- decreased blood glucose levels
41
insulin
| -functions
- 1. lowers blood sugar levels by accelerating glucose uptake into cells
2. increases lipogenesis
3. stimulates AA uptake and protein synthesis
42
normal glucose levels
70-110 mg/dl
43
diabetes mellitus
- characteristic
- 2 types
- high blood glucose levels
| - type I and type II
