1
Q
organs of the respiratory system
A
- nose
- pharynx
- larynx
- trachea
- bronchi
- lungs
2
Q
Upper respiratory
A
nose and pharynx
3
Q
nose
- air enters the nose through the
- 3 functions
A
- the external nares and into the nasal cavity
- incoming air is warmed, humidified and filtered by the nasal mucosa
- contains receptors for olfactory stimuli
- act as a resonance chambers in speech
- incoming air is warmed, humidified and filtered by the nasal mucosa
4
Q
nasal septum
A
a vertical partition that divides the right and left side
5
Q
palate of the oral cavity
-composed of
A
anterior, bony hard palate and the posterior muscular soft palate
6
Q
vestibule
- location
- defnition
A
- anterior portion of each nostril
- coarse nose hairs
7
Q
what are the projections that extends from the lateral walls of each nasal cavity
A
the superior, middle and inferior nasal conchae or turbinates
8
Q
nasal cavity flow of air
A
- external nares
- nasal cavity
- internal nares
- pharynx
9
Q
pharynx
- definition
- composed of
- lined by
- 3 regions
A
- 5” tube which extends from the nasal cavity to the entrances of the larynx and esophagus
- skeletal muscle
- lined with a mucus membrane
- nasopharynx
- oropharynx
- laryngopharynx
- nasopharynx
10
Q
nasopharynx
- superior or middle or inferior section
- extends from
- lined with
- contains 4 openings
- also contains which structure
A
- superior
- the posterior portion of the nasal cavity to the plane of the soft palate
- psuedostratified columnar epithelium modified with cilia and goblet cells
- 2 internal nares
- 2 eustachian tube openings
- 2 internal nares
- pharyngeal tonsil or adenoid
11
Q
oropharynx
- superior, middle or inferior section
- extends from
- lined with
- 1 opening
- contains
A
- middle section
- the soft palate to the hyoid bone
- stratified squamous epithelium
- fauces (mouth)
- the paired palatine and lingual tonsils
12
Q
laryngopharynx
- superior, middle, or inferior section
- extends from
- function
A
- inferior portion
- hyoid bone to the entrance of the esophagus and larynx
- serves as a common passageway for both air and food
13
Q
lower respiratory structures
-5
A
- larynx
- trachea
- bronchi
- lungs
- lung lobule
14
Q
larynx
- aka
- connects what
- wall is supported by what
A
- voice box
- laryngopharynx with the trachea
- several pieces of cartilage
15
Q
piece of cartilage of the larynx
A
- thyroid cartilage
- epiglottis
- cricoid
- arytenoid
- smaller paired corniculate and cuniform cartilage
16
Q
2 functions of the larynx
A
- epiglottis cartilage forms a lid over the larynx so that food and liquids are directed into the esophagus and is kept out of the respiratory system
- Voice production
17
Q
voice production
- upper
- lower
- how is sound produced
A
- false vocal folds (cords)
- true vocal folds (cords
- both vibrate to create sound waves
18
Q
trachea
- aka
- length
- lined with
- what supports the walls
A
- windpipe
- 4 1/2”
- from larynx to the level of the fifth throacic vertebra where it divides into right and left primary bronchi
- psuedostratified epithelium which is modified with cilia and goblet cells
- C-shaped cartilage
19
Q
open ends of the C-shaped are located
A
posteriorly and are held together by a smooth muscle called the trachealis muscle
20
Q
functions of the trachea
- mucus
- cartilage rings
- open end of C rings
A
- the mucus traps dust that is propelled by cilia away from the lungs toward the pharynx where it is expectorated or swallowed
- the cartilage rings reinforce the trachea to prevent the airway from collapsing
- the open end of the C shaped cartilages permit the esophagus to expand anteriorly when food is swallowed
21
Q
what do goblet cells produce
A
mucus
22
Q
bronchi division
A
- trachea
- right and left primary bronchus
- secondary bronchi
- teriary bronchi, then divide more
- bronchioles
- terminal bronchioles
23
Q
bronchial tree
A
bronchi and all of their branches
24
Q
lungs
-surrounded by
A
-pleura
25
pleura
- definition
- 2 layers
- function of layers
- double layered serous membrane
- parietal and visceral
- secrete pleural fluid into the potential space between them, the pleural cavity
26
Parietal pleura
- inner or outer layer
- covers what
- outer
| - wall of thoracic cavity
27
visceral pleura
- inner or outer layer
- covers what
- inner
| - covers lungs
28
pleural fluid function
provides lubrication which helps reduce friction permitting the lungs to move past one another easily during breathing
29
4 features of the lungs
1. base
2. apex
3. hilus
4. cardiac notch
30
base of the lung
broad inferior portion that rests on superficial surface of diaphragm
31
apex of the lung
pointed superior portion that extends just superior to first rib
32
hilus of the lung
vertical groove in the medial surface through which bronchial tubes, pulmonary vessels, lymphatics and nerves enter and exit the lung
33
cardiac notch
indentation in left lung for the heart
34
fissures
divides each lung into lobes
35
right lung
- # of lobes
- fissures
- 3 (superior, middle, and inferior)
| - horizontal and oblique
36
left lung
- # of lobes
- fissure
- 2 (superior and inferior)
| - oblique
37
lung lobule
| -contains
1. lymphatic vessel
2. pulmonary arteriole
3. pulmonary venule
4. branch from a terminal bronchiole
38
terminal bronchioles branch to form
respiratory bronchioles then into alveolar ducts then into alveolar sacs
39
alveoli
| -composed of
squamous epithelium and a thin basement membrane
40
where are gases exchanged
between the alveoli and capillaries
41
bronchial sounds
- definition
- how do you listen for it
produced as air rushes through the large airways of the lower respiratory tract, trachea and bronchi
-place stethoscope on your neck just below your larynx
42
vesicular sounds
- definition
- how do you listen for it
produced as air enters the alveolar sacs
| -place stethescope over chest at various intercostal spaces and under clavicles; back beneath the scapula
43
beef pluck
- consists of
- obtained from
- the lungs, trachea and larynx of a cow
| - a local butcher
44
what does psudostratified columnar epithelium that is modified with cilia and goblet cells contribute to?
mucociliary apparatus
45
mucociliary apparatus
important part of lung defense mechanisms
46
function of the mucus
coat airways and traps inhaled particles
47
in what direction do the cilia beat
upwards towards oral pharynx
48
what eventually happens to the mucus
| -why is this considered a defense mechanism
swallowed
| -it clears particles
49
what consequences would result if the mucociliary transport malfunctions
it will cause respiratory infections, pneumonia because bacteria accumulates
50
A drop of charcoal is suspended in room temp Ringer's solution was applied to the mucosa of the frogs hard palate. What happens to the charcoal particles over time
Cilia moves particles towards oropharynx to get rid of them. The charcoal is moved upward
51
will it take longer or shorter time for the charcoal particles to move if the trachea is exposed to cold temp
longer
52
can cilia overcome the effects of gravity
| -can cilia move the charcoal if the end toward which the charcoal is moving is elevated
yes
| -yes
