the heart lies in the lower central portion of the _____ cavity in an area called the _____
- thoracic
- mediastinum
mediastinum
- contains what 4 things
- lies between
- heart, great vessels, trachea and esophagus
- right and left lungs and rests atop the diaphragm
apex of heart
located inferior and to the left, while its base points posteriorly
-5th intercostal space on left
base of heart
located at about the level of the 3rd costal cartilage and extends from the 5th to the 9th thoracic vertebra
what is the heart surrounded by
the pericardial sac
pericardial sac
-consists of 2 things
- fibrous pericardium
2. serous pericardium
fibrous pericardium
- composed of
- function
- dense connective tissue
- anchors the heart to the central tendon of the diaphragm
serous pericardium
-consists of 2 things
- visceral pericardium (inner most layer)
- parietal pericardium (adjacent to the fibrous pericardium)
serous fluid
- location
- what secretes it
- function
- between the 2 layers of pericardial sac
- pericardial membranes
- allows heart to beat in a relatively friction less environment
pericarditis
inflammation of the pericardial sac
coronary sulcus
- definition
- what does it contain
- divides the external surface of the heart between the atria and ventricles; fat filled groove
- coronary arteries and the coronary sulcus
auricle
appendage of wall that extends out from the chamber
right atrium
- type of blood
- where does it receive from
- deO2 blood
- superior and inferior vena cava and coronary sinus
left atrium
- type of blood
- where does it receive from
- oxygenated blood
- pulmonary veins
anterior and posterior sulci
- function
- what do they contain
- separate their respective surfaces into right and left ventricles
- major coronary vessels
what arteries branch from the ascending aorta
right and left coronary arteries
what does the left coronary artery divide into
the anterior interventricular branch (supplies O2 to ventricles)
circumflex branch
-follows what
follows the coronary sulcus to the posterior surface of the heart
great cardiac vein
-functions
-collects most of the deO2 blood on the anterior surface and by the middle cardiac vein on the posterior surface
what do the great cardiac vein and middle cardiac vein empty into
the coronary sinus
ischemia
reduced O2 supply weakens cells but does not actually kill them
angina pectoris
ischemia of the myocardium
myocardial infarction
- known as
- results due to what
heart attack
-results due to death of an area of tissue because of an interruption of blood supply
endocardium
thin and smooth layer of the heart wall
-covers the valves and is continuous with the lining of the great vessels
