lab 6

Question 1

pulmonary ventilation

• aka
• consists of
• air moves in and out of lungs due to

Answer 1

• breathing
• phases of inspiration and expiration
• pressure gradients

Question 2

boyles law

Answer 2

states that there is an inverse relationship between the volume of a gas and its pressure in a closed container

Question 3

inspiration

• initiated by
• diaphragm
• external intercostals
• size of the thoracic cavity
• intrapulmonary pressure

Answer 3

• contractions of the external intercostals and diaphragm
• moves down from its relaxed dome shaped position to a flattened position
• lifts the rib cage upward
• increases
• decreases

Question 4

Expiration

• initiated by
• lung volume
• intrapulmonary pressure

Answer 4

• relaxation of the diaphragm and external intercostals
• decreases
• increases

Question 5

what happens during forced breathing

Answer 5

additional accessory muscles are used to produces chest movements during both inspiration and expiration

Question 6

how can lung function be monitored?

Answer 6

1. by the respiration rate
2. the depth of breathing
3. by the volume of air breathed

Question 7

respiratory air volumes

Answer 7

• volumes of air that move in and out of the lungs during various phases of breathing

Question 8

3 types of spirometers

Answer 8

1. handheld (propper)
2. recording collins
3. BIOPAC airflow transducer

Question 9

Handheld

• type
• description

Answer 9

• dry

- designed for screening measurements of vital capacity and measures exhaled air only and is calibrated in ml

Question 10

recording collins

• type
• description

Answer 10

• wet (tank type)
• measures inhaled and exhaled air. a written record is made when the pen moves over paper positioned on a kymograph or rotating drum

Question 11

BIOPAC airflow transducer

• type
• description

Answer 11

• air flow gauge
• measure differences in air flow across a barrier as a subject breathes. It interfaces with a personal computer to form a DAS. the software directs automatic calculations for lung volumes

Question 12

wet tank type spirometers

• upward deflection of the pen is caused by what
• downward deflection is caused by what

Answer 12

• inspiration

- expiration

Question 13

spirogram

Answer 13

recording of breathing made with a spirograph

Question 14

total lung capacity

Answer 14

volume of gas in the lungs after a maximum inhalation

Question 15

vital capacity

Answer 15

maximum amount of gas that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation

Question 16

tidal volume

Answer 16

volume of a gas inspired or expired during each normal ventilation cycle

Question 17

inspiratory capacity

Answer 17

maximum amount of gas that can be inhaled after a normal exhilation

Question 18

inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 18

maximum amount of gas that can be inhaled after a normal inhalation

Question 19

expiratory reserve volume

Answer 19

maximum amount of gas that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal inhalation

Question 20

functional residual capacity

Answer 20

volume of gas left in lungs after a normal exhilation

Question 21

residual volume

Answer 21

volume of gas left in lungs after a maximum exhilation

Question 22

how to measure measured volume in collins

Answer 22

peak-trough

Question 23

respiratory rate

• definition
• normal respiratory rate

Answer 23

• number of complete respiratory cycles per minute

- 12-18/min

Question 24

Tidal volume

• normal tidal volume
• calculate in propper
• calculate in collins

Answer 24

500 ml

• exhale 3 times then divide total value by 3
• peak-trough

Question 25

minute respiratory volume - definition - calculation - normal

Answer 25

- total volume of air that moves into lungs each minute - tidal volume x respiratory rate = MRV (ml/min) - 6000-9000 ml/min

Question 26

expiratory reserve volume | -normal expiratory reserve volume (males and females)

Answer 26

- male: 1000 ml | - females 700 ml

Question 27

vital capacity - calculation - normal male - normal female

Answer 27

- IRV + TV + ERV - 4800 ml - 3100 ml

Question 28

Inspiratory reserve volume - calculations - normal male - normal female

Answer 28

- VC - (TV + ERV) - 3300 ml - 1900 ml

Question 29

inspiratory capacity - calculations - normal male - normal female

Answer 29

- IC= TV+IRV or VC -ERV - 3800 ml - 2400 ml

Question 30

residual volume - normal male - normal female

Answer 30

- 1200 ml | - 1100 ml

Question 31

functional residual capacity - normal male - normal female

Answer 31

- ERV +RV - 2200 ml - 1800 ml

Question 32

total lung capacity - calculations - normal male - normal female

Answer 32

- IRV + TV + ERV + RV - 6000 ml - 4200 ml

Question 33

Percent forced expiratory volume (timed vital capacity) - definition - when is it expelled - normal value - advantage

Answer 33

- the subject inhales maximally and then exhales maximally as fast as possible - during the first second or % FEVt - 75-85% - able to diagnose lung disorder

Question 34

how does hyperventilation affect blood CO2 levels?

Answer 34

decreases

Question 35

how does breathing into a bad affect blood CO2 levels?

Answer 35

increases

Question 36

how does exercise affect blood carbon dioxide levels

Answer 36

increases

Question 37

do the following factors increase or decrease the respiratory rate and depth? - increase in blood CO2 - decrease in blood CO2 - increase in blood pH - decrease in blood pH - decrease in O2

Answer 37

- increase - decrease - decrease - increase - increase