drugs used to treat diarrhoea
adsorent and bulk forming (kaolin) or antimotility ( co-phenotrope, codeine, morphine, loperamide, racecadotril)
antimotility drugs act where
on mui opioid receptors on neuronal varicosities . This decreases Ach release and decreases peristaltic activity
morpheine and codeine relationship
morpheine is a primary metabolite of codeine - by removing a methyl group in phase 1 metabolism by cyp450
how does atropine work
atropine - inversely agonises the mAch receptors
diphenoxylate - on mui opioid receptors on neuronal varicosities . This decreases Ach release and decreases peristaltic activity
what allows molecules to make salts and why is this desirable
amines makes salts which allows it to go into solution really quickly
effect of ether replacing a methyl
increases lipophilicity. ( note: just because theres an ether doesnt make it lipophilic, as it can act as a linker to make it more hydrophilic)
active form of racecadrotril
thiorphan
difference of the ester in thiorphan
it isnt a normal ester its a thoole ester
why dont amides get ionised
they are more difficult to hydrolise - both chemically and enzymatically
what does an esterase do
take away esters
how does an ester removal effect lipophilicity
reduces it - makes it more hydrophilic
molecules with a - log d absorb in ____
stomach
molecules with + log d absorb in ____
intestine
treatments for constipationo liaclotide and lubiprostone treat
constipation
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