lecture 13

Question 1

macronutrients

Answer 1

carbs, fats, proteins

Question 2

micronutrients

Answer 2

vits and minerals

Question 3

where does most absorption occur

Answer 3

small intestine wall

Question 4

what absorbs through large intestine wall

Answer 4

water (reabsorption)

Question 5

who is effected by short term sickness/diarrhoea

Answer 5

diabetic patients - glucose absorption

Question 6

inflammation of mucosa is caused by

Answer 6

chrons/coeliac and some surgery - this is a physcial barrier which stops absorption around the mucosa

Question 7

pre-mucosal (digestion) problems

Answer 7

pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis - nutrients arent available for adsorption due to food not getting broken down properly due to enzymes which do this becoming unavailable

Question 8

chrons can lead to

Answer 8

iron deficiency anaemia, b12/folate deficiency, vitd and calcium deficiency

Question 9

steroid use in IBD and chrons can lead to

Answer 9

osteoporosis/iseomalacia

Question 10

which disease can cilia not get access to the food

Answer 10

chrons

Question 11

if coeliac isnt treated what happens

Answer 11

villi become inflamed and flattened and can even dissapear (villous atrophy) meaning the body cant absorb nutrients

Question 12

what do you use to treat an IBD flare up quickly

Answer 12

steroids to quiclly reduce inflammation - known as induction of remission - but this should be short term

Question 13

coeliac symptoms and diagnosis

Answer 13

fatigue, GI symptoms, weight loss - diagnosed via serological testing

Question 14

coeliac complications

Answer 14

anaemia, osteoporosis

Question 15

how to treat coeliac disease

Answer 15

eliminate gluten from the diet

Question 16

How to treat short bowel syndrome related absorption issues

Answer 16

parenteral nutrition, also

Question 17

what kind of deficiencys associated with pancreatitis

Answer 17

fat soluble vitamin deficiencies

Question 18

what causes the thick mucus in CF

Answer 18

decreased chloride secretion and increased sodium absorption

Question 19

how do people with CF have absorption problems

Answer 19

the thick mucus acts as a barrier to absorption

Question 20

what is steatorrhoea and a symptom of it

Answer 20

not breaking down fat meaning it goes straight through your system. Stool is much more oily/smelly

Question 21

what is creon used for

Answer 21

its fat soluble vitamin supplement/calorie replacement used in CF to treat malnourishment/weightloss

Question 22

use of lactose/starch in medicines

Answer 22

bulking agents

Question 23

CF can lead to which other issues

Answer 23

steatorrhoea, osteoporosis, malnutrition/weightloss

Question 24

lactase defficiency occurs in who and what are the effects of this

Answer 24

occurs in pts with lower lactase levels, results in failure to hydrolyse lactose to its absorbable forms (glucose/galactose)

Question 25

4 kinds of lactase deficiency

Answer 25

primary - most common, decline in lactase with increaseing age secondary - due to infectious/inflammatory diseases cogentital - decrease in lactase since birth due to autosomal recessive inheritance developmental - seen in premature babies but usually improves with age due to maturation of the enzyme

Question 26

what is both mucosal and pre mucosal

Answer 26

Small intestine bacterial overgrowth, Fat malabsorption

Question 27

when does SIBO occur

Answer 27

after surgery/disease etc slows the passage of food and waste products in digestive tract, which creates a breeding ground for bacteria - caisong diarrhoea and possibly weight loss and malnutrition

Question 28

who most commonly has fat malabsorption

Answer 28

chrons and coaeliacs

Question 29

fat malabsorption leads to

Answer 29

digestion problems (insufficient enxymes or bile), fat soluble vitamin deficiencies, steatorrhoea

Question 30

lack of vit k causes

Answer 30

clotting problems

Question 31

when should supplements be taken

Answer 31

with of after meal - causes local irritation