Lecture 12

Question 1

Northern border of CBB

Answer 1

Southernmost part of HBL - low elevation, flat, less clay, but has continuous coniferous forest

Question 2

What do sand dunes indicate?

Answer 2

Former shoreline of the Tyrrell Sea

Question 3

Jack pines are uncommon in the CBB, but they do grow on ___ ____ found there.

Answer 3

sand dunes

Question 4

T/F: Most of the CBB is protected, so little development is occurring

Answer 4

False

Question 5

T/F: Peatlands in the BF all have similar characteristics

Answer 5

F: can have muskeg (thick w/lots of water) and bogs/fens (continuous mats w/little water)

Question 6

Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Lowlands (GLSL) characteristics

Answer 6

• Avg. annual temp of 1-6C

- Blend of Boreal + Carolinian flora/fauna

Question 7

Boreal species found in the GLSL include (7):

Answer 7

• Balsam fir
• White spruce
• Canada jay
• moose
• Red Squirrel
• snowshoe hare
• black-backed woodpecker

Question 8

Carolinian species found in the GLSL include (4):

Answer 8

• Sugar maple
• Gray Squirrel
• Eastern cottontail
• Red-bellied woodpecker

Question 9

Needles of jack/white/red pine - characteristics

Answer 9

Jack Pine: short, groups of 2
White Pine: long, groups of 5
Red Pine: long, groups of 2

Question 10

These species reach their southern range limits in the GLSL (3):

Answer 10

• Spruce grouse
• Green alder
• Moose

Question 11

These species reach their northern range limits in the GLSL (2):

Answer 11

• Snapping turtle

- Five-lined skinks

Question 12

T/F: the GLSL forest region is on two physiographic regions (if true, which two?)

Answer 12

T: Canadian Shield + GLSL

Question 13

T/F: the GLSL has a lot of non-native species

Answer 13

True

Question 14

T/F: there’s more biodiversity in the GLSL, as it has habitats on two different rock types

Answer 14

True

Question 15

What factors can influence the introduction of non-native species?

Answer 15

• Rock type
• Elevation
• Latitude/Longitude
• Temp., precipitation
• Humans

Question 16

What regions of the GLSL forest region are on the GLSL physiographic region (2)?

Answer 16

• Ottawa-St. Lawrence Lowland

- Great Lakes Lowland

Question 17

What regions of the GLSL forest region are on the Canadian Shield (4)?

Answer 17

• Frontenac Axis
• Superior GLSL
• Western/Prairie GLSL
• Algonquin Highlands

Question 18

Which provincial park encompasses most of the Algonquin Highlands?

Answer 18

Algonquin Prov. Park

Question 19

Describe the trees at different elevations in Algonquin Park:

Answer 19

• Sugar maples, birch on top of hills
• Trembling aspen, poplar at the bottom of hills
• Black spruce, balsam fir on the ground

Question 20

Why are present-day elevations in the Algonquin Highlands lower than they were billions of years ago?

Answer 20

Large mountain range that was there was worn down by glaciation + erosion

Question 21

What is a batholith?

Answer 21

Massive body of igneous rock (over 100 square km in size) that rose up from underground

Question 22

Which side of Algonquin Park has a higher elevation? What are some of its characteristics as a result?

Answer 22

West; more precipitation, colder

Question 23

Why do rivers flow out of Algonquin Park in all directions? Is this the only place in ON where it occurs?

Answer 23

It’s located on top of a dome; yes

Question 24

At higher elevations/cold temperatures, there’s a lot of ____

Answer 24

mist

Question 25

Why wouldn't you find Sparrow's egg/Showy Lady's slippers in Algonquin Park?

Answer 25

There's no limestone in the Canadian Shield

Question 26

What kind of forest covers the western and eastern sides of Algonquin Park?

Answer 26

West: hardwood forest (deciduous trees) East: pine forest

Question 27

Glacial history of Algonquin Park

Answer 27

- Western hills received glacial till deposits as glaciers stopped/melted; retained moisture needed by hardwood trees - East side received large sand beds, which easily drain water

Question 28

A large amount of water flowed through Algonquin Park via a _______ ______ to the Ottawa River

Answer 28

fossmill outlet

Question 29

T/F: pine trees grow well in dry, sandy sites

Answer 29

True

Question 30

This river system (includes Lake Travers) has extensive sand beaches:

Answer 30

Petawawa

Question 31

WHy did the glacial spillway only leave outwash plains on the east side of Algonquin as it passed through?

Answer 31

West side was higher in elevation; water flowed through the east

Question 32

Rain shadow

Answer 32

Winds from the west (w/moisture) hit the highlands in the west first; high elevation = cold temp. + more precipitation