Lecture 19

Question 1

T/F: clam shells don’t contain calcium

Answer 1

F: would effervesce in reaction with HCl

Question 2

Classify clam shells by their shapes (2):

Answer 2

• Round; macoma

- Oval/elliptical; hyalella

Question 3

Issues with forest fragmentation (6)

Answer 3

• Habitat is too small
• No forest corridors for travel
• Lack of recruitment (new members can’t replaced those killed by disease, etc.)
• more exposure to bird parasites
• increased predation
• wild turkeys; they negatively impact the survival of ground-nesting birds

Question 4

Brown-headed cowbird + brood parasitism

Answer 4

• Use other birds’ nests to lay eggs

- Will break other eggs if birds abandon baby cowbirds

Question 5

Animals that benefit from forest fragmentation (5):

Answer 5

• Birds of prey
• Fossorial animals
• White-tailed Deer
• Shorebirds that nest in fields
• Birds that feed on crops (e.g. American Crow, Ring-billed Gull)

Question 6

This bird nests in ploughed fields b/c they resemble tundra habitats:

Answer 6

Horned lark

Question 7

T/F: birds like Lapland Longspur, Snow Bunting, and plovers forage in grazed fields while migrating

Answer 7

True

Question 8

These birds live in field habitats, since they resemble grasslands (2):

Answer 8

• Savannah Sparrow

- Bobolink

Question 9

What are fallow fields? Name an animal that benefits from them.

Answer 9

Occur when farmer’s fields go “wild” (i.e. they stop tending to them)

Meadow voles

Question 10

Name two animals that hunt meadow voles.

Answer 10

• Red fox

- Coyote

Question 11

How do eastern coyotes differ from those in the west/prairies?

Answer 11

More wolf-like due to mating with wolves

Question 12

When and where did Eastern Coyotes first arrive in ON?

Answer 12

Around 1900s, through western ON (Rainy River, Lake of the Woods)

Question 13

Non-native plants in fallow fields (5)

Answer 13

• Dandelion
• Blueweed
• Chicory
• Queen Anne’s Lace
• Oxeye Daisy

Question 14

Non-native animals in field habitats (3)

Answer 14

• Grey Partridge
• WIld Turkey
• Ringed Pheasant

Question 15

Alvar

Answer 15

• Rare habitat in GLSL

- Limestone “pavement”

Question 16

Alvar indicators (4)

Answer 16

• Fringed Gentian
• Ram’s head Lady’s slipper
• Eastern Red Cedar
• Loggerhead Shrike (nests in cedars)

Question 17

Where is the Carden Alvar located?

What species live there (4)?

Answer 17

North of Lake Simcoe

• Prairie Smoke
• Eastern Meadowlark
• Upland Sandpiper
• Eastern Bluebird

Question 18

Where is Napanee Plain located?

What species live there (2)?

Answer 18

North of Belleville

• Prairie Smoke
• Loggerhead Shrike

Question 19

This area has tallgrass prairie and limestone bedrock

Answer 19

Rice Lake Plains

Question 20

Where is Black Oak Savanna located?

What species can be found there (3)?

Answer 20

Near Alderville

• Sedges
• Prairie buttercups
• Lupines