Lecture 16

Question 1

Purposes for wolf communication

Answer 1

• Announce territory
• Keep other packs away
• Communicate to pack members

Question 2

T/F: black bears kill wolf pups, and wolves kill bears

Answer 2

True

Question 3

When do wolves usually hunt beavers?

Answer 3

In the fall; beavers are cutting down trees or looking for food

Question 4

What conditions are hemlocks best suited to grow in?

Answer 4

Cool temperatures; found on the north side of hills in Algonquin

Question 5

What trees/plants surround peatlands in Algonquin (6)?

Answer 5

• Tamarack, conifers
• labrador tea
• leatherleaf
• round-leaved sundew
• pitcher plant

Question 6

T/F: eastern wolves use peatlands in Algonquin as rendezvous sites

Answer 6

True

Question 7

Name two places in Algonquin Park that lie on sedimentary rock, and a plant that can grow there.

Answer 7

• Fault Line, Brent Crater

- Bunchberry

Question 8

Why can northern habitats form in Algonquin?

Answer 8

Elevation

Question 9

Name some boreal species that reach their southern range limits in Algonquin Park (5)

Answer 9

• Black-backed woodpecker
• Boreal chickadee
• Canada Jay
• Great Gray Owl
• Marten

Question 10

Why are there more beavers on the east side of Algonquin?

Answer 10

• More flowing water

- More food (birch, poplar)

Question 11

What do lakes and beaver ponds have in common? How are they different?

Answer 11

• Both are lentic water systems

- Lakes are much deeper

Question 12

Why can bays support species like water lilies and bullfrogs?

Answer 12

• Shallow

- Sheltered from wind, waves

Question 13

What is lake stratification?

Answer 13

The separation of lakes into 3 layers based on temperature

Question 14

What are the 3 layers of lakes (re: stratification) from surface to bottom?

Answer 14

• Epilimnion
• Thermocline
• Hypolimnion

Question 15

Temperature of lake water in the winter

Answer 15

• Mostly 4C, but 0C at the surface
• warmer water is denser and sinks
• no stratification

Question 16

Spring turnover

Answer 16

• Surface of lake warms to 4C
• Wind-created currents cause turnover
• nutrients brought to surface
• oxygen brought to bottom

Question 17

Fall turnover

Answer 17

Reversal of spring turnover

Question 18

Species found by lake shores

Answer 18

• Speckled alder
• Spotted sandpiper (along rocky shorelines)
• Minks (hunting)

Question 19

T/F: The Georgian Bay is a UNESCO-designated Biosphere Reserve

Answer 19

True

Question 20

Georgian Bay is the world’s largest ________ _______, with many _______.
It has 347k hectares of _________ ecosystem

Answer 20

• World’s largest freshwater archipelago - many islands

- 347k hectares of shoreline ecosystem

Question 21

Animals found near Georgian Bay (4)

Answer 21

• Eastern foxsnake (1 of 2 populations in ON)
• Massasauga (mostly gone in SW ON)
• Hog-nosed snake (endangered in Carolinian)
• Five-lined skink (endangered in Carolinian)

Question 22

Frontenac Axis characteristics

Answer 22

• On Canadian Shield
• Includes Thousand Islands National Park
• Spans Gananoque to Brockville

Question 23

T/F: The Frontenac Axis is a UNESCO-designated Biosphere Reserve

Answer 23

True

Question 24

Name two ferns found in the Frontenac Axis:

Answer 24

• Rock polyplody

- Marginal shield fern

Question 25

Carolinian/southern species found in the Frontenac Axis (7):

Answer 25

- Red-bellied Woodpecker - Cottontail - Gray Squirrel - Eastern Red Cedar - Bladdernut - White Oak - Cerulean Warbler

Question 26

What do Giant Swallowtail caterpillars eat in the Frontenac Axis?

Answer 26

Prickly Ash

Question 27

What kind of snakes are Gray Rat Snakes?

Answer 27

Tree-climbing constrictors

Question 28

Plants that reach their northern range limits in the Frontenac Axis (4):

Answer 28

- White oak - Red oak - Shagbark hickory - Coniferous shrubs (e.g. bladdernut)

Question 29

Hardwood forest species in the Frontenac Axis (3):

Answer 29

- Gray tree frogs - Barred owls - Eastern chipmunk

Question 30

Why are the Thousand Islands important to animals?

Answer 30

Crossover sites; the Frontenac Axis is important for travelling animals (e.g. fisher)