Lecture 21

Question 1

Where do Canada Geese forage while migrating?

Answer 1

Fields - can be found in large flocks

Question 2

Why are there lots of owls in Owl Woods (hint: food)?

Name 3 owls that can be found there.

Answer 2

High meadow vole population

• Northern saw-whet owl
• Barred owl
• Long-eared owl

Question 3

Martin Edwards Reserve

Answer 3

• Limestone shoreline
• Pond in the area is used to control water levels
• Migrating shorebirds can be seen feeding on invertebrates in algae

Question 4

Wilson’s Phalaropes on Amherst Island

Answer 4

• females have multiple mates; they leave the males to incubate them
• Typically found in the prairies
• Females have more vibrant colours, and more testosterone than males

Question 5

What two regions of the GLL have the most alvars in ON?

Answer 5

• Manitoulin Island

- Bruce Peninsula

Question 6

Alvars on Manitoulin Island and the Bruce Peninsula have dolostone under them. How does it differ from typical limestone?

Answer 6

More magnesium in it

Question 7

What are some rare plants in alvars? Which two are Great Lakes Endemics?

Answer 7

• Fringed Gentian
• Ram’s head Lady’s Slipper
• Lakeside Daisy (GL Endemic)
• Dwarf Lake Iris (GL Endemic)

Question 8

This plant is a colonizer of sand dunes, found on Manitoulin Island + the Bruce Peninsula:

Answer 8

Beach pea

Question 9

T/F: Manitoulin Island is the second largest freshwater island in the world

Answer 9

F: it’s the largest

Question 10

This N. American endemic grows in the Bruce Peninsula:

Answer 10

Hill’s Thistle

Question 11

These parts of the Bruce Peninsula are located along Lake Huron and have extensive sand deposits (due to wind):

Answer 11

• Sauble Beach

- Port Elgin

Question 12

Why are some parts of Sauble Beach/Port Elgin closed off?

Answer 12

Presence of piping plover nests (as they’re endangered)

Question 13

Why can fens be found on the Bruce Peninsula?

Answer 13

• More calcium = more nutrients

- Northern location in GLSL

Question 14

Name two subarctic disjuncts found in the Bruce Peninsula:

Answer 14

• Butterwort

- Alaska Rain Orchid

Question 15

Why is the Bruce Peninsula known as the “Garden of North America?”

Answer 15

Diversity of plants, due to:

• Location on dolostone = calcium rich soil
• diversity of habitats
• Surrounded by water; moderated temp. = longer growing season, more precipitation

Question 16

T/F: The Bruce Peninsula is not a UNESCO World Biosphere Reserve

Answer 16

False

Question 17

Calciphilic ferns in the Niagara Escarpment (4):

Answer 17

• Maidenhair spleenwort
• Walking fern
• Wall Rue (from Europe)
• Hart’s-tongue Fern

Question 18

This escarpment starts near Niagara Falls and runs through the Bruce Peninsula to Michigan:

Answer 18

Niagara Escarpment

Question 19

The oldest trees in N. America are ______ _____ _____, on the Niagara Escarpment

Answer 19

Eastern White Cedars

Question 20

T/F: The Niagara Escarpment is a UNESCO World Biosphere Reserve

Answer 20

True

Question 21

Rock cut in the Niagara Escarpment revealed an ancient ____ ___

Answer 21

coral reef

Question 22

What % of Canada’s area is encompassed by the Carolinian?

Answer 22

<0.25%

Question 23

What is the northern boundary of the Carolinian?

Answer 23

8C isotherm

Question 24

The Carolinian was covered by this lake, which left behind large sand/clay deposits.

Answer 24

Lake Whittlesey, which became Lake Erie

Question 25

The climate of the Carolinian is modified by the Great Lakes. What effects does this have?

Answer 25

- Longest growing season in ON | - warmest average daily temperature

Question 26

T/F: the Carolinian has >30% of all COSEWIC-designated at-risk species in Canada

Answer 26

True

Question 27

Name two fossorial animals that benefit from the sand/clay deposits in the Carolinian

Answer 27

- Eastern Mole | - Badger

Question 28

Endangered species in the Carolinian (6):

Answer 28

- Prothonotary Warbler - Acadian Flycatcher - Spiny Softshell - Badger - Nodding Pogonia - Small-Whorled Pogonia

Question 29

What is the reason for the prevalence of rare species in the Carolinian?

Answer 29

Habitat loss

Question 30

T/F: most of the Carolinian forest is still there today

Answer 30

False

Question 31

Name two trees that would not be found in the Carolinian forest (hint: both are conifers):

Answer 31

- White spruce | - Balsam fir

Question 32

What trees make up the Carolinian forest?

Answer 32

- Mostly deciduous: Shagbark Hickory, Sassafrass, Hackberry - Red cedars - White pine - Tulip-trees

Question 33

Name two vine species in the Carolinian:

Answer 33

- Virginia Creeper | - Riverbank/Wild Grape

Question 34

Shrub layer in the Carolinian

Answer 34

- Spring ephemerals grow before leaves grow on trees | - Witch hazel, may-apple

Question 35

Animals in the Carolinian (5):

Answer 35

- Eastern Cottontail - European Hare - Opossum - Eastern Foxsnake - Massasauga

Question 36

T/F: the Massasauga is endangered in the Carolinian

Answer 36

True

Question 37

T/F: opossums have always been widespread in the Carolinian

Answer 37

F: were confined to Niagara Falls + Windsor, have since expanded northwards

Question 38

T/F: the Carolinian has low biodiversity

Answer 38

False