Lecture 16

Question 1

Social Systems: Gibbons

Answer 1

monogamous

Question 2

Social Systems: Orangutans

Answer 2

• solitary
• bimaturation
• occasional forced copulation

Question 3

Social Systems: Gorillas

Answer 3

• harems, usually one silverback with many females with offspring
• infanticide

Question 4

Social Systems: Chimps

Answer 4

• multi-male, multi-female groups
• male dominated hierarchy
• raids

Question 5

Social Systems: Bonobos

Answer 5

• female-dominated hierarchy
• strong female-female bonds
• lots of sex

Question 6

Suspensory Locomotion

Answer 6

climbing underneath branches rather than on top

Question 7

Bipedalism

Answer 7

-walking on two feet

Question 8

Theories of bipedalism

Answer 8

• keeps hominins cooler, less sun on their back
• frees up the arms to collect food and such
• response to increased dependance of offspring

Question 9

Differences between humans and apes

Answer 9

• fully bipedal
• dental characteristics
• long juvenile period
• large brains relative to body size
• spoken language, symbolic culture

Question 10

Ancestral Features of Hominins

Answer 10

• small molars
• thin enamel
• canines larger than humans
• large brow ridge
• small braincase relative to other humans

Question 11

Derived Features of Hominins

Answer 11

• relatively small canine teeth compared to chimps
• changes in femur and pelvis
• flattening of face compared to chimps