Lecture 29

Question 1

Culture

Answer 1

• adaptation that is shared with our common ancestors and seen in other primates
• information stored in our brains that is acquired from imitation, teaching etc, that is capable of affecting our behaviour

Question 2

Meme

Answer 2

-a unit of cultural information transmitted by imitation or learning

Question 3

Ecology

Answer 3

-Study of the environment and how organisms interact with it

Question 4

Abiotic Environment

Answer 4

-don’t have a direct connection with life, rocks, soil temperature

Question 5

Biotic Environment

Answer 5

-comprised of living attrubutes ( organisms, plants)

Question 6

Bogs

Answer 6

• specialized plants live in them
• unproductive environment
• carnivorous plants

Question 7

Marshes

Answer 7

• don’t have any trees
• rich habitats
• productive

Question 8

Swamps

Answer 8

• productive
• have trees
• shrubs

Question 9

Estuaries

Answer 9

• where the river enters the sea

- high salt concentration and gets lower as it gets closer to the ocean

Question 10

Brackish Water

Answer 10

mixture of salt water and normal water

Question 11

Estuary Degradation

Answer 11

• habitat destruction
• excessive nutrient and sewage inputs
• chemical contamination
• introduced species
• rising sea levels

Question 12

Tropical Wet Forests

Answer 12

• extremely rich in species
• highly biodiverse
• little variation in temperature
• high rates of precipitation during the rainy season

Question 13

Subtropical Deserts

Answer 13

• little water
• can’t support many plants
• multiple open patches
• average high temp
• very low precipiations

Question 14

Temperate Grasslands

Answer 14

• don’t have sufficient water to grow trees
• moderate temp
• moderate variation in temp, seasonal
• low precipitation but moderate variation

Question 15

Temperate Forests

Answer 15

• moderate temps with moderate variation
• moderate rainfall with low variation
• broad leaf trees

Question 16

Boreal Forest

Answer 16

• needle bearing trees
• average temp is low but high variation
• low precipitation with low variation

Question 17

Arctic Tundra

Answer 17

• very barren
• short growing season
• very low avg temp with high variation
• very low availability of moisture

Question 18

Evolutionary Adaptation

Answer 18

-genetically based changes due to natural selection that favours individuals carrying beneficial mutations

Question 19

Physiological Acclimatization

Answer 19

• changing cells to match environment that you are in
• metabolic or physiological adjustment within the cells or tissues of an organism in response to environmental stimuli that improves the ability of the organism to cope with its environment

Question 20

Behavioural Responses

Answer 20

• behaviours in response to the environment in broad terms

ex. retreat to burrow in intense heat

Question 21

Organismal Ecology

Answer 21

how do individuals within populations interact with each other and their physical environment

Question 22

Population Ecology

Answer 22

how and why population size changes over time

Question 23

Community Ecology

Answer 23

different species populations and how they interact with each other

Question 24

Ecosystem Ecology

Answer 24

how do energy and nutrients cycle through the environment

Question 25

Mount Pine Beetles

Answer 25

- native pest that ate trees - used to not be an issue because the majority of them would die in the winter - now because of global warming they are all surviving through the winter and multiplying rapidly

Question 26

Cheat Grass

Answer 26

- invasive plant - takes up a lot of space - fuels fires and adapts to them well