Lecture 20

Question 1

Human Demography

Answer 1

study of the characteristics of human populations, such as size, growth, density, distribution, and vital statistics

Question 2

3 Demographic Transitions

Answer 2

1. old people outnumber younger people
2. urban people outnumber rural people
3. by 2050 there will be 6x the number of people in the lesser developed world

Question 3

Biodiversity

Answer 3

variety of life on Earth at all its levels, from genes to ecosystems and the ecological and evolutionary processes that sustain it

Question 4

Types of Biodiversity

Answer 4

• genetic Variation
• community diversity
• ecosystem diversity
• ecological processes
• evolutionary processes, natural selection
• geography of this variation

Question 5

Where biodiversity is

Answer 5

intact habitat of biodiversity hotspots now comprises only 1.4% of the earths surface

Question 6

Extinction

Answer 6

• over 99% of species that have ever existed have already gone extinct
• we are experiencing an extremely high rate of extinction

Question 7

Importance of biodiversity:

Answer 7

1. intrinsic value

2. antropocentric values

Question 8

Intrinsic Values

Answer 8

-all species need diversity to survive

Question 9

Antropocentric Values

Answer 9

Direct Value: goods-food, fuel, etc
Passive Value: services - oxygen and carbon cycling, pollination, decomposition, nitrogen fixation, etc
Potential Value: information
Psycho-Spiritual/aesthetic value

Question 10

Pros of Urbanization

Answer 10

1. Concentration of Impact
2. Economies of scale
3. Abandonment of marginally productive lands

Question 11

Cons of Urbanization

Answer 11

1. Concentration of impact

2. strains capacity