Lecture 18

Question 1

Lower Pleistocene

Answer 1

1.8 mya -900,000 years ago

Question 2

Middle Pleistocene

Answer 2

900,000 to 130000 years ago

Question 3

Upper Pleistocene

Answer 3

130,000 - 12,000 years ago

Question 4

Holocene

Answer 4

12,000 years ago to present

Question 5

Ancestral Features of Homo Ergaster

Answer 5

• narrowing of braincase behind the eyes

- receding forehead

Question 6

Derived Features of Homo Ergaster

Answer 6

• shorter nose
• less prognathic face
• taller skull
• smaller jaw and molars

Question 7

Tools of Homo Ergaster

Answer 7

-used mode 1 & 2 tools

Question 8

Evidence that Homo Ergaster was a meat eater

Answer 8

bones have been found showing a vitamin A overdoes which is consistent with eating livers of carnivores

Question 9

Evidence that Homo Ergaster controlled fire

Answer 9

-campfires burn bones in a distinctive way and bones with campfire burns have been found with H. Ergaster remains

Question 10

Reasons why humans started wearing clothes

Answer 10

-could have started wearing clothes so humans could expand into colder climates

Question 11

when humans started wearing clothes

Answer 11

• humans started wearing clothes around the same time body lice diverged from head lice
• about 170,000 years ago

Question 12

Homo Erectus differences from Homo Ergaster

Answer 12

• larger face
• thicker cranial walls
• lower less domed cranium
• pronounced occipital torus
• pronounced brow ridges
• sagittal keel
• shorter and stockier

Question 13

Homo Erectus Tool use

Answer 13

• mostly used mode 1 tools

- lack of mode 2 could be related to different materials available or cognitive abilities

Question 14

Ancestral Features of Homo Hiedelbergensis

Answer 14

• long, low skull
• thick cranial bones
• large browridges

Question 15

Derived Features of Hiedelbergensis

Answer 15

• high forehead

- more rounded occipital bone

Question 16

Hiedelbergensis tool use

Answer 16

-mostly mode 2 tool use but probably mode 3 later on