what is flow?
- being completely involved in an activity for its own sake
- time flies (time dilation)
what genre of music is similar to flow?
jazz
what does the flow state resemble?
mindfulness
- paying attention to the environment and direct sensory environment
what factors did Csikszentmihalyi propose about flow state?
- has to be moderate level of challenge
- activity stands out from daily life ones
- good match between challenge and skill level (zone of proximal development)
- task is freely chosen
- task is totally absorbing (promote altered perception of passage of time)
- clear goals
- means/methods for reaching goals are clear
- immediate feedback provided by experience (tracks how close to goal)
what is the zone of proximal development and who created the concept?
- Vygotsky
- if trying to help someone get as good as possible at something then the task must be challenging and outside of comfort level
what is flow typically associated with?
- better performances
- heightened level of immersions and/or enjoyment/satisfaction
how is Yerkes-Dodson curve related to flow?
arousal levels vs performance quality (YD)
arousal level (challenge) vs efficacy (skill) (flow)
- more challenging tasks are associated with lower arousal to achieve optimal level of performance
what are the 5 factors in the Bloom/Skutnick-Henley that predict the likelihood of experiencing flow?
- absorption, heightened awareness, clear-mindedness
- emotional involvement
- sense of connection with others
- sense of everything clicking into place
- sense of transcendence
what was the point of the O’Neill study?
to objectively measure flow using experience sampling method (ESM)
what were the results from the O’Neill study that tried to objectively measure flow?
- high achievers from specialist and young musicians from non-specialist have more flow in musical activities
- moderate achievers from specialist and young musicians from non-specialist have more flow during games/hobbies
what was interpreted about the moderate achievers?
being a moderate achiever at specialist school may impair ability to experience flow which may not be conducive to musical development
why do moderate achievers describe peers as highly competitive?
- added pressure to not screw up the flow
what did Gloor, Oster and Fischbach use during a performance to test flow and what did it measure?
sociometric bridge
- movement using accelerometer
- pitch of sounds being produced
- relative position of members within group
what were the results of the Gloor experiment that studied about the state of flow and group dynamics?
- the more in flow the jazz band are by measuring oscillations or changes in body movement energy levels - the more the audience likes their music
what are the advantages and disadvantages of the Gloor approach?
advantage: more reliable form of measurement of movement and energy
disadvantage: may actually not be measuring - exploratory study that we are expecting to see some relationships that deviate away from the basic equation
what kinds of correlations was found in the energy between the keyboard and baritone sax?
negative
was there a correlation found between the intensity of applause and the mean energy levels recorded?
no correlation
the more synchronized the energy levels of individual members were, the ________ the applause
stronger
what matters for high quality creative output?
getting in group flow with energy levels of all band members oscillating in parallel
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