which condition of the Furuya, Nitsche, Paulus and Eckart study about MD had beneficial effects?
CaAu
- cathode affected
- anode unaffected
what did the CaAu condition attempt to do?
- increase inhibition in affected
- increasing excitations in other hemisphere
what are the 4 groups in Furuya study about musicians dystonia and what do the negative values indicate on the graph?
- CaAu
- CuAa
- UniAu
- sham
- negative values = decrease in rhythmic variability of keystrokes relative to baseline
what are the disadvantages to listening to live music?
expensive
uncomfortable
logistical problems
what are the advantages to listening to live music?
- social connection with others
- connection to performers (same physical space, opportunity to interact with them, experiencing unique performance as it unfolds live)
- good for physical and mental health
- reduce stress hormones
- promote prosocial behavior
what were the results of the 10-year longitudinal study about participating in cultural events?
participation in various cultural events may provide protective benefits against age-related cognitive decline
what do adults who move in synchrony demonstrate?
- prosocial effects
- rmr more about each other
- greater levels of trust and cooperation
- higher levels of liking
shared musical experiences are important for promoting ____ and _____
social-emotional bonds
altruistic behaviors
what do heartbeats of concert attendees demonstrate?
greater entrainment compared to those who listen to prerecorded performances
what are performers influenced by?
the audience
- the body responds differently to some basic physical properties
why does moving to the beat seems to be culturally universal?
auditory-motor interactions
what do head movements do?
- reliable indicator of entrainment
- encoding emotional info
- movement vigor and distance correlated with intensity of emotion
- form of non-verbal communication
what did Swabrick study about using head movements to capture the concert experience measure?
- measuring head movement (DV) during live performance and compared it to the same exposure to precorded music
- takes advantages of concerts providing ecological validity setting for investigating group dynamics
What methods did Swabrick use to study how head movements captures the effects of live music?
- fans or neural listeners randomly assigned to live or album playback conditions
- wore motion-capture caps
- questionnaires administered, covering familiarity with performer, current state of arousal, happiness and musical expertise
- follow-up questionnaire after
what were the effects of the Swabrick study (head movements during concert) related to?
- preference (self-report)
- familiarity (self-report, compare effects of previously released song to those associated with new songs)
purpose of LIVELab?
investigate experience of music, dance, multimedia presentations, and human interaction in concert space
what were the results of the Swabrick study (head movement during concert)?
- head movements more vigorous in live condition
- due to greater arousal, anticipation, increased concentration with artist
- degree of entrainment not affected by concert status
- fans moved their heads more vigorously and with better entrainment to the beat
- no differences as a function musical training (entrainment is independent of musical training)
- for unfamiliar songs, no difference in entrainment across live/prerecorded conditions
- for familiar song, head movement entrainment for fans greater in live condition
what could Swabrick control?
communal experience - same venue
familiarity/preference
what could Swabrick not control?
- visual info associated with live concert
- how the rest of the audience responded
- obtrusiveness of wearing motion-captured device
- potential self-consciousness associated with being monitored
what are some directions for future research by Swabrick?
- how movement of individuals is affected by those around them
- effects of different musical characteristics
- whether shared concert experience can lead to more prosocial behaviors and/or bonding
- how performers are affected by audience
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