Tuskegee Study Description
- 400 low income men with syphilllis from 1932-1972
- Told they were being treated but were not
- Denied life saving pencillin injections so scientitist can observe the effects of syhillis on individuals, spouse, and offspring.
Resulted in:
* Class Action Lawsuit
* Beginning of National Research Act (1974) —>National commission for the Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research—>Development of the Belmont Report (1979) aimed at protecting human subjects during scientific research
Insitutional Revenue Board (IRB)
Support researchers identify potential harm to study participants and help to assess the benefits compared to the risks.
Provides the mechanisms to protect human subjects that are related to the Belmont’s Reports guiding priniciples:
- Respect for Persons
- Beneficience
- Justice
Full Board Level of IRB
- Greater than minimal risk (e.g., drug use or domestic violence)
- Reviewed by convened IRB committee
Expedited Level of IRB
- Minimal risk (e.g., blood draw/alcoholism)
- Reviewed by IRB chair or designee
Exempt Level of IRB
- Not greater than minimal risk (e.g., blood pressure/educational tests)
- Reviewed by IRB chair, designee, or staff
Not Human Subject Research Level of IRB
- Does not meet federal definition or is coded data
- Reviewed by IRB staff
American Psychological Association (APA) Principles
Uses principles in the IRB and the Belmont Report to guide its general principles in which they are always attempting to do the followiing:
- Beneficence and Malficence
- Fidelity and Responsibility
- Integrity
- Justice
- Respect for People’s Rights and Dignity
Beneficence and Malficence
Principle that psychologists must constantly weigh the benefits and the costs of the research they conduct and seek to achieve the greatest good in their research with little harm done to others.
APA Ethics Code 2017
Most recent update to the code of ethics
Ethics
“Standards governing the conduct of a person or the members of a profession”
8.02 Informed Consent
Refer to study notes for full details
8.10 Reporting Research Results
*Do not fabricate data (Standard 5.01a, Avoidance False or Deceptive Statements)
* Discovered significant errors in published data must be taken care of in reasonable steps to fix the errors in a correction, retraction, erratum or any other appropriate publication means.
