1
Q
The nervous system functions include: sensory,integration, motor output
A
T
2
Q
Examples of effector organs include muscles, nerves,.
A
F. Muscles +glands
3
Q
Nerve and glial cells are nerves
A
F. Neurons
4
Q
Neurons are the majority cells
A
F the minority
5
Q
Glial vs nerve cells function
A
Wrapping neurons vs excitable signals
6
Q
Why do nerves need oxygen and glucoseso much
A
Its high metabolic rate
7
Q
The CNS location & function
A
. Brain, spinal card, integration & support
8
Q
Peripheral nerves location
A
Spinal and cranial
9
Q
Satellite cells regenerate damaged cells in oligodelocytes
A
F. They surround cell bodies
10
Q
A
11
Q
The locations of Schwann cells is to astragals
A
F. Oligiocytes
12
Q
Efferent and Afferent functions
A
Motor vs sensory
13
Q
The afferent sides include somatic and automatic
A
F. Somatic and visceral
14
Q
Examples of autonomic nervous systems include Sympathetic vs parasympathetic
Their functions are…?
A
Survival is relaxed (digesting/sleeping)
15
Q
A
16
Q
Support neurons acronym is
A
Ameo
17
Q
Astrocytes functions include: mapping neuron deterioration, controlling nerve buffers calcium
A
F. Maps neuron growth, controls chemicals, buffers k and na
18
Q
Micrlogical function is to repair, their appearances are smooth all around
A
F. Ovoid, Thorny processes
19
Q
Microglial cells do not phagocytize
A
F. they do
20
Q
Epondymal cells have hairs, and are stratified
A
F. squamous the columnar
21
Q
The cilia on epondyneal heroes circulate what fluid
A
CSF
22
Q
Oligodendragter my line sheaths are made from tissues
A
F.cnsfibers
23
Q
Myelin sheath’s have more proteins
A
F. Less
24
Q
There are no channels or carriers in myelin sheathsfor..?
A
Good electrical insulators
25
The brain consists of just grey white matter
F. also ventricle
26
The motor neurons in cons are sensory and perceiving
F. sensory and motor
27
Sensory neurons n CNS are bipolar
F. Unipolar
28
Sensory neurons go from CBS, impulses, sensory receptors
F. Opposite
29
Motor neurons are unipolar because they are autonomic
.F. Unipolar and not automatic
30
Internerousano only 1% f the body
F.99%
31
CNS have carriers as pathways for signals
F. shuttles
32
The CNS body have nerves as processes have ganglia and processes like nerves
F. For PMs. Have tracts as process and nuclei
33
Processes in PNS include
Dendrites and axons
34
Dendrites' spines are appendages w/ spiked ends
T
35
Dendrites have regions of receptive outputs
f. Inputs
36
Axon collaterals are long axons
F. Occasional branches
Verse fiberes are long axons
37
Axons have conducting regions for...?
Generating nerve impulses
38
Axolemma are where impulses leave
F. Where the impulses transmit to
39
Why do Neurotransmitters releases impulses extracellularlg
It's secreting to excite/inhibit neurons
40
Why do non-myelinated axons have faster impulses?
F. they don't. They areslower bc no sheaths
41
Only PNS have non-myelinated sheaths
F. Bath PNS and CNS
42
Schwann cells have more proteins to support channels or carriers
F. Less protein, No channels/ carriers, to he electrical insulators
43
Myelin membranes bind to...??
Interlocking proteins
44
Myelin sheaths help tl slow down impulse speeds if they're too fast
F. Increase for trans speed
45
Grey natter is mostly non-myelinated hers and dendrites
F. Non-myelinated and neuron bodies
46
Median sheath gaps are also known as
Nodes of rangier
47
Where do axon collaterals energy?
Median sheath gap
48
Gated channels are classified inte 3 types:?
Chemical, voltage, mechanical
49
Voltage and chemical tells use cell binding but just in diff ways
F. one uses binding, other uses potential E
50
The basic electricity principles conclredethat particles more from smallest voltage to biggest
F. ions differ quickly w/open channels
51
Action potentials are useful as they
Don't decay over distance
52
Potassium and sodium are teeth in either two states: open closed
F. Sodium can also he inactivated
53
54
Action potential steps in order are: depolarize, depolarize, resting, hyperpolarize
F. Resting, D, depolarize, hyper
55
K+ must open quickly to makes sure for remone integrity
F, slowly open w/ depolarization
56
2 sodium's arein, l potassiumleaves cell in action potentials
F. 2K out. 1 Na in
57
Propagation is part of generating action potentials to allow ap to transmit from terms to origin
F.oppway
58
Propagation causes an influx of potassium, causing hyperpolarization
F. Sodium influx causes depolarization in membrane gates
59
In non-myelinated axons during self-propagation, activate sodium based on its location while myelinated-axons depolarize by parts
F. OPP. Na ad/so in activate closer to origin, determine AP presence
60
RMP don't change much to not damage nerves as they're highly excitable
F has can rapidly change
61
Graded potential is matter word for a postsynaptic potential
F. that and receptor potential
62
Graded potentials inside of sensory neuron receptors ave attributed the receptor potential
F. Postsynaptic
63
What makers graded same and diff from action
Short- lived but localized
64
What analogy is used to describe the relationship between stimulus and voltage
Like a pond
65
When a stimulus triggers a gate to open, it results mostly in depolarization and sometimes huperpolarization
T
66
RMP only change when membrane permeability changes
F. Also when [ion] changer
67
In rip, signals are used for
Info senah, reclining, integrate
68
In rip, the order ofrelating is
De, re hyper
69
Repolanication is when inside more (+),. Impulse probability lowers away from zero
F. Raises towards zero
70
Hyper polarization in imp means the inside is more (-), impels probability lowers towards zero
F. Away from
71
To gen Rmp, the polarized voltage must be- 30mv
F.-40
72
Na uses negative ions to the ICF • potassium does OPP
F. OPP. Sodium uses chlorineions out the ECF
73
Cell membranes are permeable to sodium and k+
F. slightly to sodium and chlorine o
74
K is too big Te be permeable
F. k+ 25 times more than nat
75
The Na K pump pushes 2 Na in and 3 k not
F
76
Stimulus intensity is determined by the severity of its impulses
F. Dependent on the frequency of impulses
77
The higher the frequency, the less the stimulus strength is
F. The more frequent, the more stronger the stimulus
78
The refractory period happens because too much sodium enters the cell
F. The sodium exits the cell
78
The refractory is when neurons rapidly work to create an urgent AP
F. When the neurons cannot send another AP
79
Absolute refractory is when the sodium is resetting in a one way path for repolarization
Relative refractory are when sodium channels are resetting in an all or nothing way
F. Opp way.
In relative, the sodium are resting while potassium is active
80
The larger the diameter of an axons, the higher the current flow resistance.
F. Current flow resistance lowers
81
Aps are only in axons
T
82
What analogy is used to describe conduction velocity
A hallway full of people going through one exit
83
Continuous myelination is fast
Saltory is slow conduction
This is because there are myelin sheaths
F.
Continuous is slwo
Saltatory is 30x faster
Both occur in non-myelination
84
What type is fates are in the myelin sheath gaps?
Voltage gated Na channels
85
Aps are not able to occur at myelin sheath gaps
F. They do, jumping from gap to gap
86
Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease in children that attacks myelin sheaths in the PNS, causing them to rupture
F.
In adults
Attacks myelin sheaths in CNS
By hardening them
87
Conduction gets slower and slower near the end like a pond
F. They are fully slow then cease
88
Electrical synapses are completed in the myelin sheaths to connect cytoplasm of adjacent neurons
F. Join in gap junctions
89
Electrical synapses are very common because they are abundant in embryonic nervous tissue, supporting the tissue all by itself
F. less common, and are usually coupled with other reactions
90
Electrical synapses are responsible for eye movement, emotions, and memory
T
91
Synapses are junctions that mediate info transfer from axon term to axon term, or axon term to effector cell
F. Neuron to neuron, neuron to effector cell
92
The axodendritic synapses are between neuron's axon terms and dendrites
T
92
Axosomatic synpases are always between neurons of the next body
F. Just sometimes
93
Presynaptic and postsynaptic
receives info (synapse to neuron), sends info (neuron to synapse)
F. Opp
94
The PNS is present in neurons, and effector cells
T
95
Neurotransmitters functions are to
release and receipt chemical signals
96
Electrical impulses change to go from just electrical to chemical
F. Electrical, chemical, electrical
97
What separates axon terms of presynapstic neurons and the receptor region on postsynaptic's membrane
the synaptic cleft
98
Synaptotagmin controls the fusion of synaptic vescles with the axon term
F. With just the membrane
99
This is in the correct order:
1) Ap arrives at the axon terminal
2) Ca opens and enter from term to ECF
3) Synaptosome to react with SNARE, exocytosing the NT
4) The NT binds to receptors on the membrane through chemically gated ion channel
5) The GMP is now formed
6) NT effects are terminated
100
The NT effects just include degration and diffusion
S. Also reuptake
101
Degration is dealt with astrocytes and the axon term while degration is dealt with enzymes
F. Opp
102
EPSP and IPSP stand for
Excitory/inhibitory postsynapstic potentials
103
When NT opens gates, graded potential depolarization is triggered by more potassium outtake than sodium
F. triggered by more potassium intake than sodium
104
EPSP can trigger if spread to the axon hillock, triggering a gated opening, resulting in...?
EPSP reaching the threshold strength
105
IPSP moves neurons away from the threshold. This is because with the gates are open, it causes depolarization and makes membranes more permeable to have Cl- out an K+ in.
F.
Gates opening causes hyperpolarization
Makes membranes more permeable to Cl- in and K+ out
106
Summation is only in IPSP, describing when APs are added up tgt
F. Both in EPSP AND IPSP
107
Temporal is when APs are all added together while spatial is when they are added on one by one
F. Opp
BLG 101
flashcards
Decks in class (20)
# Cards
-
BLG 202 quiz 163
-
NSE 101 QUIZ 323
-
Cell parts21
-
BLG WEEK 130
-
Tissues51
-
Epithelia Pt 214
-
Connective Tissue43
-
Connective Tissues 240
-
Tissue Repair10
-
Integumentary Systems: Cells In The Epidermis14
-
Epidermis Layers15
-
Dermis Lyaers22
-
Skin Colour10
-
Bones & Skeletal Tissues53
-
Muscle Systems74
-
Hair4
-
Lesson 1068
-
Lesson 7109
-
Lesson 81
-
Lesson 9167
