what are 3 factors that cause liking?
- proximity
- similarity
- reciprocal liking
what is proximity?
simple, physical proximity but specifically the likelihood of you bumping into someone
why does proximity matter?
more opportunities for contact –> mere exposure effect
mere exposure effect
literally just seeing someone more results in more liking
zajonc
conducted a study around Chinese characters
Showed a bunch of students a Chinese character and asked them to guess the meaning
The more times students were exposed to the character the more likely they were to guess that the word was related to something positive
moreland and beach 1992
Where 4 female confederates attended class 0, 5 10 or 15 times and sat quietly in the front row and didn’t talk to anyone
At the end of the class all students were asked to rate each woman’s personality and whether they would want to be friends with her
They found that the woman who attended the course more often were viewed more positively despite having no actual interactions
how does similarity affect liking
just knowing that someone shares attitudes leads to icnreased liking
–> even stuff like having the same birthday
does the importance of similiarty increase or decrease over time?
increase
CHECK
what 3 things are you likely to look for in friends or partners?
- demographic background
- attitudes and values
- activity preferences
roy and nicholas
found that people choose purebred dogs who look like themselves (literally tiny sample, not credible, but funny)
norton, frost and ariely 2007
study surrounding online dating found that similarity is initially assumed
–> we tend to believe that others are somewhat like us
–> 118 users measured on knowledge, liking and similarity pre-a dn post- date
–> found that post-date, knowledge increased but both liking and simiarlity decreased
what’s the order that happens after online dating?
the more knowledge they gain –> less perceived similarity –> less liking
3 reasons why similarity matters so much
- makes interactions go smoothly
- similar people validate our worldviews
- we assume similar people will like us
which is more important: reciprocity or similarity?
reciprocity –> we like people who like us
what are 2 tips to keep love alive
- keep it exciting
- capitalize on positive events
keep it exciting
boring long term relationships can lead to toxicity and less satisfaction
what can boredom predict?
Current boredom is a good predictor of how satisfied you will be with your relationship in 10 years
aron et al 2000 (correlational)
found that participating in exciting activities w ur romantic partner can reduce boredom and lead to greater satisfaction
aron et al 2000 (experimental)
Couples were randomly assigned to do either novel-arousing activities (obstacle course with wrists and ankles velcroed to each other) or mundane activities (questionnaires)
–> Being assigned to the novel-arousing condition increased relationship satisfaction in the context of long term relationships
capitalize on positive events
making the most of positive events by sharing it with a loved one
who came up with the idea of capitalization?
shelly gable
what are 2 axis to when looking at how people respond to positive events?
passive - active
constructive - destructive
pasive- constructive
- pleasant response
- but says little, no elaboration or questions
passive- destructive
- barely acknolwedges the event or changes topic quickly
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Methods11
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Social Cognition22
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Kahneman & Tversky17
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Social Perception33
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Kruger et al15
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Norms22
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Cialdini6
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Packer7
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Prosocial Behaviour20
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Latane and Darley15
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Group Decision Making25
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Navajas15
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Stereotyping and Prejudice19
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Payne20
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Liking27
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Finkel et al13
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Cognitive Dissonance27
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Festinger21
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Cialdini and Goldstein32
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Self Control18
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Simmons, Nelson and Simolsohn19
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Duckworth et al 201854
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Happiness24
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Ankin44
