literacy

Question 1

Why was illiteracy seen based on to stalin?

Answer 1

the campaign againt illiteracy was relaunched as the 16th party congress in 1930 to adopt new targets to eliminate illiteracy and ensure primary schooling was compulsory

Question 2

How did the goverment take action?

Answer 2

-3 millon volenteers from kosmol to edcuate workers and peasants

Question 3

what was happening to teachers at the time?

Answer 3

Teachers were considerd an enemy during collectivisation of agriculture and around 40% were attacked, some locked in schools then set on fire, some were beaten to death
-other issues such equipment was poor and teachers often arrived with no textbooks or wrting materials

Question 4

what was the improvements with literacy?

Answer 4

by 1939 over 94% of soviet citizens were literate however there was inequilites between men which were 97% literate and women were 90% literate

Question 5

why was literacy so imporant?

Answer 5

althought literacy rates have gone up there was np focus on the full educational development of the students nor was there any offical attempt to encourage students to read or write for pleasure, nonetheless mass literacy was one of the successes of stalins first decade in power

Question 6

what was curriculum like?

Answer 6

it established tught control and became significanlty important and also valued to ensure young people become good workers on collective farms or in goverment factories, school emphasis on diciplin, hard work and traditional skills became a priority
-1933 degree abolished polytechnic focus
-core subjects such as maths and science became basis of socialist education system
-1932 degree instruding standers of discipline to ensure students attend but were also set regulare homework
-degree placed 1934 for hisotry lessons and focus on the great achivements of great men whilst also learning the focus on russian leaders was part of the new hero-worship that was becoming a feature of soviet culture, teachers also taught children stakhanov celebrating industrial production

Question 7

what was the targets of education?

Answer 7

the expanison of primary education became important as children ages from 8-12 woud be enrolled in a primary school by 1932

Question 8

what was the increase total of students in uni?

Answer 8

the number of universities grew from 105 in 1914 to 817 in 1939, students also increased from 127,000 in 1914 to 810,000 in 1939
-however in WW2 decimated the university sector and by 1944 only 227,000 students reimaned

Question 9

What was the gender segregation degree?

Answer 9

stalin felt that interactions between the adolescent male ad female students students was likeley to lead to distractions and what happend was thery ensured male and fwmale students did not share the same bulidings

Question 10

what was the expansion of literacy?

Answer 10

-almost 100% of children ages 8 to 12 gained full four year primary education
-around 65% of children aged 12 to 17 gained secondary education

Question 11

what was Labour reserve schools?

Answer 11

quotas for compulsory recruitment was issued, a training corse for young boys for industrial work, provided with accommodation and food but not pay
-it also started recruiting women and conditions were extremely harsh and students who deserted went to prison or gulag
-during 1952, they recruited 4.2 million and trained them to work in metallurgy, electricity production and industrial and military contrustion, and railway workers

Question 12

what was the ‘red specialists’?

Answer 12

people who replaced the ‘beourgeoise experts’ as stalin veiwed them as enemiess of socialism