Liver function

Question 1

LARGEST/complex ORGAN responsible for many major metabolic functions in the body.

Answer 1

Liver

Question 2

Color of Liver.

Answer 2

Reddish brown

Question 3

A relatively RESILIENT ORGAN that can regenerate cells that have been destroyed.

Answer 3

Liver

Question 4

[2] Anatomical location of LIVER

Answer 4

1. INFERIOR of diaphragm
2. RIGHT UPPER QUADRANT of the abdomen

Question 5

[2] Has abundant blood supply receiving approximately 1500ml/min from two major vessels:

Answer 5

1. Portal vein (70 - 75%)
2. Hepatic artery

Question 6

From the SPLEEN and GASTROINTESTINAL (GI) TRACT, this TRANSPORT MOST of the recently absorbed materials from the intestines to the liver.

[major vessel]

Answer 6

Portal vein

Question 7

DETOXIFICATION of toxins and drains from general circulation.

Answer 7

Portal vein

Question 8

Branch of the aorta that provides oxygen ENRICHED ARTERIAL BLOOD.

[major vessel]

Answer 8

Hepatic artery

Question 9

Contributes 20% of blood supply.

[major vessel]

Answer 9

Hepatic artery

Question 10

Metabolic and synthetic function.

[cellular composition]

Answer 10

Hepatocyte (80%)

Question 11

Responsible for the liver’s REGENERATIVE properties.

[cellular composition]

Answer 11

Hepatocyte (80%)

Question 12

The MAIN SITE FOR CLEARANCE of antigen–antibody complexes from blood.

[cellular composition]

Answer 12

Kupffer cells

Question 13

Site of storage for fat-soluble vitamins, particularly vitamin A.

[cellular composition]

Answer 13

Stellate cells

Question 14

SYNTHESIZE COLLAGE and are the cells responsible for fibrosis, and eventually, cirrhosis.

[cellular composition]

Answer 14

Stellate cells

Question 15

Nitric oxide synthesis, which helps to REGULATE INTRAHEPATIC BLOOD FLOW.

[cellular composition]

Answer 15

Stellate cells

Question 16

Found near the portal areas around small bile
passages, are BELIEVED TO BE LIVER STEM CELLS involved in REGENERATION OF HEPATOCYTES and bile ducts after liver injury.

[cellular composition]

Answer 16

Oval cells

Question 17

Sites of OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION and energy production.

[hepatocyte]

Answer 17

Mitochondria (18%)

Question 18

[2] Microsomes

[hepatocytes]

Answer 18

1. Rough ER
2. Smooth ER

Question 19

Major site for protein synthesis.

[microsomes][hepatocytes]

Answer 19

Rough ER

Question 20

Site of MOST DRUG METABOLISM; detoxification (cytochrome P450–dependent isoenzymes).

[microsomes][hepatocytes]

Answer 20

Smooth ER

Question 21

Hydrogen peroxide production.

[peroxisomes][hepatocyte]

Answer 21

Oxidase

Question 22

Which DECOMPOSES hydrogen peroxide.

[peroxisomes][hepatocyte]

Answer 22

Catalase

Question 23

Hydrolytic enzymes that act as SCAVENGERS.

[peroxisomes][hepatocyte]

Answer 23

Lysosomes

Question 24

Deposition of iron, lipofucsin, bile pigments, and copper occurs in the lysosomes.

[peroxisomes][hepatocyte]

Answer 24

Lysosomes

Question 25

SECRETION of various substances, including BILE ACIDS and ALBUMIN. [peroxisomes][hepatocyte]

Answer 25

Golgi apparatus

Question 26

First pass [summary of liver functions]

Answer 26

Detoxification

Question 27

Phagocytosis by Kupffer cells. [summary of liver functions]

Answer 27

Detoxification

Question 28

METABOLISM and EXCRETION of drugs and foreign compounds. [summary of liver functions]

Answer 28

Detoxification

Question 29

Heme waste products (bilirubin and porphyrin products)

Answer 29

Bile pigments

Question 30

FORMATION OF GLUCOSE from amino acids and fats. [synthesis][summary of liver functions]

Answer 30

Gluconeogenesis

Question 31

GLUCOSE IS CONVERTED TO GLYCOGEN that is stored in the liver and later reconverted to glucose as necessary. [synthesis][summary of liver functions]

Answer 31

Carbohydrates

Question 32

By product of gluconeogenesis. [synthesis][summary of liver functions]

Answer 32

Ketone bodies