Quality control

Question 1

Processes prior to actual testing, starting with physician’s order.

[phase]

Answer 1

Pre - analytical phase

Question 2

32% to 75% of all testing occur in this phase.

[phase]

Answer 2

Pre - analytical phase

Question 3

Factors that affect the laboratory results due to handling of the specimen sample prior to analysis.

[phase]

Answer 3

Pre-analytical phase

Question 4

The actual laboratory testing or diagnostic procedures, processes and products that PROVIDE THE RESULTS.

[phase]

Answer 4

Analytical phase

Question 5

Processes following the examination including systematic review, formatting, authorization for release, timely and accurate reporting and transmission of results, and storage of samples of the examinations.

[phase]

Answer 5

Post analytical phase

Question 6

These are ERRORS ENCOUNTERED in the collection, preparation, and measurement of samples, including transcription and releasing of laboratory results.

Answer 6

Variations

Question 7

The FUNDAMENTAL BASIS of any statistical analysis.

Answer 7

Variations

Question 8

[2] Types of Variations/Errors

Answer 8

1. Random error/ Interminate error
2. Systematic error/ Determinate error

Question 9

PRESENT IN ALL MEASUREMENT and due to chance or an unpredictable cause; does not recur in regular pattern- detects/ measure: IMPRECISION

[variations error]

Answer 9

Random error/ Interminate error

Question 10

Due to chance and varies from sample to sample.

[variations error]

Answer 10

Random error/ Interminate error

Question 11

[2] Parameters:

[random error]

Answer 11

1. Standard deviation
2. Coefficient variation

Question 12

Test for determination:

[random error]

Answer 12

Replication experiment

Question 13

It is a repeating error that happens because of a problem in the test procedure. (parameter affected and use: mean)

[variation error]

Answer 13

Systematic error/ Determinate error

Question 14

It AFFECTS ALL TEST RESULT in the same or one direction, either always too high or always too low. (constant difference)

[variation error]

Answer 14

Systematic error/ Determinate error

Question 15

It CAN BE CONSTANT (same amount of error each time) or proportional (error changes with the amount being tested).

[variations error]

Answer 15

Systematic error

Question 16

It affects accuracy, which means it causes inaccuracy in results

[variations error]

Answer 16

Systematic error/ Determinate error

Question 17

It can be seen in shifts, trends, or violations of Westgard rules like 2₂s, 4₁s, 8₁s, and 10x.

[variations error]

Answer 17

Systematic error/ Determinate error

Question 18

It is a MEASURE OF AGREEMENT between the ASSAYED value and the TRUE value.

[variations error]

Answer 18

Systematic error/ Determinate erro

Question 19

Remedy:

[systematic error]

Answer 19

Comparison of methods

Question 20

[2] Type of systematic error]

Answer 20

1. Constant error
2. Proportional error

Question 21

It refers to a DIFFERENCE between the target value and the assayed value.

[systemic error]

Answer 21

Constant error

Question 22

It is INDEPENDENT of sample concentration.

[systemic error]

Answer 22

Constant error

Question 23

It EXISTS when there is a CONTINUAL difference between the comparative method and the test method regardless of the concentration.

[systemic error]

Answer 23

Constant error

Question 24

Test:

[constant error]

Answer 24

Recovery experiment study

Question 25

Graph behavior: It shifts the line UP or DOWN but keeps the same slope. [systematic error]

Answer 25

Constant error

Question 26

Y-intercept NOT EQUAL to 0 [systematic error]

Answer 26

Constant error

Question 27

It also know as: Slope/Percent Error [systematic error]

Answer 27

Proportional error

Question 28

It results in GREATER DEVIATION FROM TARGET VALUE due to higher sample concentration. [systematic error]

Answer 28

Proportional error

Question 29

It exists when the difference between the test method and the comparative method is PROPORTIONAL TO ANALYTE concentration. [systematic error]

Answer 29

Proportional error

Question 30

ERROR DEPENDENT on analyte concentration. [systematic error]

Answer 30

Proportional error

Question 31

Test: [proportional error]

Answer 31

Interference Experiment Study

Question 32

Slope NOT EQUAL to 1. [systematic error]

Answer 32

Proportional error

Question 33

aka "BLUNDERS"

Answer 33

Clerical error

Question 34

(also called blunder or mistake) Happens due to HUMAN or MANUAL MISTAKES in laboratory work.

Answer 34

Clerical error

Question 35

Studies show that 1% to 5% of recorded cases are due to this error.

Answer 35

Clerical error

Question 36

It is determined for each test method and is expressed either in measurement units of the analyte (mmol/L) or percentages.

Answer 36

Allowable error

Question 37

It is based on the QUANTITY ERROR that will negatively affect clinical decisions.

Answer 37

Allowable error (Eo)