Midterm 2 - Notes 3 (Part 1)

Question 1

What is the difference between Bacilli and Clostridia?

Answer 1

Bacilli has no spores forming and Clostridia does

Question 2

What are the 5 classes of proteobacteria that are defined by the features of 16s RNA?

Answer 2

1. Alpha
2. Beta
3. Gamma
4. Delt
5. Epsilon

Question 3

What are 3 diseases associated with spirochetes?

Answer 3

1. Lyme disease
2. Leptospira
3. Syphilis

Question 4

Dichotomous keys

Answer 4

Is a tool for identifying unknown organisms to some taxonomic level
- constructed of a series of couplets, each consisting of 2 statements describing characteristics of a particular organism or group of organisms

Question 5

Where does the world proteobacteria come from?

Answer 5

The mythological Greek god proteus, who could assume many shapes

Question 6

What is the largest taxonomic group of bacteria? Example?

Answer 6

Proteobacteria

- E. coli

Question 7

What did proteobacteria use to be called?

Answer 7

Purple bacteria

Question 8

What are 2 characteristics of proteobacteria?

Answer 8

1. Gram- negative

2. Chemoheterotrophic

Question 9

What type of bacteria is capable of growing with very low levels of nutrients?

Answer 9

The alphaproteobacteria

Question 10

What do many alphaproteobacteria have?

Answer 10

Stalks or buds known as prothecae which help to shape on how they will fold up

Question 11

What are 8 examples of alphaproteibacteria?

Answer 11

1. Pelagibacter
2. Rickettsia
3. Ehrlichia
4. Rhizobium and bradyrhizobium
5. Agrobacterium
6. Bartonella
7. Brucella
8. Wolbachia

Question 12

Pelagibacter (6)

Answer 12

1. Not pathogenic
2. One of the most abundant microorganisms in the ocean
3. Extremely small in size
4. Advantage in a low nutrient environment
5. Closely related to mitochondrion 16s rRNA
6. Gram-negative

Question 13

Rickettsia (6)

Answer 13

1. Pathogenic
2. Obligate intracellular parasites
3. Cause spotted fever
4. Transmitted by insect and tick bites
5. Ricketts
6. Gram-negative

Question 14

What are 3 examples rickettsia?

Answer 14

1. R. prowazekii = epidemic typhus that was transmitted by lice
2. R. typhi = epidemic murine typhus that was transmitted by fleas
3. R. rickettsii = rocky mountain spotted fever

Question 15

Ehrlichia (4)

Answer 15

1. Pathogenic
2. Transmitted by ticks
3. Causes ehrlichiosis
4. Gram-negative

Question 16

Rhizobium and bradyrhizobium (4)

Answer 16

1. Non pathogenic
2. Fix nitrogen in the roots of leguminous plants (common in soil)
3. Known by the common name rhizobia
4. Gram-negative

Question 17

Agrobacterium (4)

Answer 17

1. Non pathogenic
2. Plant pathogen = causes crown gall
3. Inserts a plasmid into plant cells, inducing a tumor
   - uses them as vectors to introduce DNA into plants
4. Gram-negative

Question 18

Bartonella (3)

Answer 18

1. Pathogenic
2. Most abundant pathogenic organism
3. Gram-negative

Question 19

What is an example of bartonella?

Answer 19

B. henselae = cat-skratch disease

Question 20

Brucella (4)

Answer 20

1. Pathogenic
2. Obligate parasite of mammals; survives phagorytosis
3. Causes brucellosis
   - symptoms = profuse sweating, joint and muscle pain
4. Gram-negative

Question 21

Wolbachia (4)

Answer 21

1. Non pathogenic
2. Endosymbiont of insects
3. Affects reproduction of insects
4. Gram-negative

Question 22

What are 4 examples of betaproteobacteria?

Answer 22

1. Burkholderia
2. Bordetella
3. Neisseria
4. Zoogloea

Question 23

Burkholderia (2)

Answer 23

1. Non pathogenic

2. Gram-negative

Question 24

What are 2 examples of burkholderia?

Answer 24

1. B. cepacia = degrades more than 100 organic molecules

2. B. pseudomallei = causes meliodosis

Question 25

Bordetella (4)

Answer 25

1. Non pathogenic 2. Non motile rods 3. First vaccination received as a new born: DTap, Diptheria, Tetanus 4. Gram-negative

Question 26

What is an example of bordetella?

Answer 26

B. pertussis = causes whooping cough | - major pathogen

Question 27

Neisseria (2)

Answer 27

1. Pathogenic | 2. Gram-negative

Question 28

What are 2 examples of neisseria?

Answer 28

1. N. gonorrhoeae = causes of gonorrhea | 2. N. meningitidis = causes of meningococcal meningtitis

Question 29

Zoogloea (3)

Answer 29

1. Non pathogenic 2. Important in the activity of the activated sludge system (wastewater) 3. Gram-negative