Midterm 2 - Notes 3 (Part 2)

Question 1

What are 6 examples of gammaproteobacteria?

Answer 1

1. Thiotrichales
2. Pseudomonadales
3. Legionellales
4. Vibrionales
5. Enterobacteriales
6. Pasteurellales

Question 2

What is the largest class of proteobacteria?

Answer 2

Gamma

Question 3

What are 2 examples to thiotrichales?

Answer 3

1. Beggiatoa

2. Francisella

Question 4

Beggiatoa (4)

Answer 4

1. Non pathogenic
2. Grows in aquatic sediment
3. Chemoautotrophic
   - oxidizes H2S to S^0 for energy
4. Gram-negative

Question 5

Francisella (2)

Answer 5

1. Pathogenic

2. Gram-negative

Question 6

What is an example of francisella?

Answer 6

F. tularensis = causes tularemia

- transmitted from insects and found mostly in rabbits and rodents, causing fever and loss of appetite

Question 7

What are 4 examples of pseudomonadales?

Answer 7

1. Pseudomonas
2. Azotobacter and azomonas
3. Moraxella
4. Acinetobacter

Question 8

Pseudomonas (8)

Answer 8

1. Non pathogenic
2. Opportunistic pathogens; nosocomial infections
3. Utilizes a wide variety of carbon
4. In absence of O2 they can use NO3 as a terminal electron acceptor
   - able to grow in anaerobic conditions (lacking O2)
5. Gram-negative
6. Metabolically diverse
7. Common for UTI
8. Important bioradiation

Question 9

What is an example of pseudomonas?

Answer 9

P. aeruginosa = wound and UTI

Question 10

Azotobacter and azomonas (3)

Answer 10

1. Non pathogenic
2. Nitrogen fixing
3. Gram-negative

Question 11

Moraxella (3)

Answer 11

1. Pathogenic
2. Cause infection of the eye
3. Gram-negative

Question 12

What is an example of moraxella?

Answer 12

M. lacunata = causes conjuctivitis

Question 13

Acinetobacter (3)

Answer 13

1. Pathogenic
2. Non motile bacteria
3. Gram-negative

Question 14

What are 4 examples of legionellales?

Answer 14

1. Legionella
2. Coxiella
3. Vibrionales
4. Enterobacteriales
5. Pasteurellales

Question 15

Legionella (5)

Answer 15

1. Pathogenic
2. Respiratory disease
3. Associated with cooling systems and spreading to internal systems of buildings
4. Often grows in cooling water
5. Gram-negative

Question 16

Coxiella (4)

Answer 16

1. Pathogenic
2. Causes Q fever
3. Very resistant to treatment
4. Gram-negative

Question 17

What is an example of coxiella?

Answer 17

C. burnetii = causes Q fever and is transmitted via aerosols or milk

Question 18

Vibrionales (4)

Answer 18

1. Pathogenic
2. Found in aquatic habitats
3. Contamination of water
4. Gram-negative

Question 19

What doe vibrio cholerase cause?

Answer 19

Chloera

- very motile in water and has the ability to spin

Question 20

What is an example of vibrionales?

Answer 20

V. parahaemolyticus = causes gastroenteritis

Question 21

What does vibro mean?

Answer 21

Back and forth movement

Question 22

What are 10 examples of enterbacteriales?

Answer 22

1. Escherichia
2. Salmonella
3. Shigella
4. Klebsiella
5. Serratia
6. Proteus
7. Yersinia
8. Erwinia
9. Enterobacter
10. Cronobacter

Question 23

What are enterbacteriales commonly called?

Answer 23

Enterics

- they inhabit the intestinal track; ferment carbohydrates

Question 24

Enterbacteriales (2)

Answer 24

1. Facultative anaerobes

2. Peritrichous flagella

Question 25

Escherichia (3)

Answer 25

1. Pathogenic 2. E.coli: indicator of fecal contamination = causes food borne disease and UITs 3. Gram-negative

Question 26

Salmonella (3)

Answer 26

1. Pathogenic 2. Common form of food borne illness 3. Gram-negative

Question 27

What is an example of salmonella?

Answer 27

Salmonella typhi = causes typhoid fever

Question 28

Shigella (3)

Answer 28

1. Pathogenic 2. Causes bacillary dysentery - infection of the GI tract 3. Gram-negative

Question 29

Klebsilla (2)

Answer 29

1. Pathogenic | 2. Gram-negative

Question 30

What is an example of klebsilla?

Answer 30

K. pneumoniae = causes pneumonia

Question 31

Serratia (4)

Answer 31

1. Pathogenic 2. Produces a red pigment - can contaminate food and give it its red tint 3. Common cause of nosocomial infections 4. Gram-negative

Question 32

Proteus (3)

Answer 32

1. Non pathogenic 2. Swarming motility; colonies form concentric rings - form and spread via different shapes 3. Gram-negative

Question 33

Yersinia (4)

Answer 33

1. Pathogenic 2. Y.pestis causes the plague 3. Transmitted via fleas 4. Gram-negative

Question 34

Erwinia (3)

Answer 34

1. Non pathogenic 2. Plant pathogens 3. Gram-negative

Question 35

Enterbacter (2)

Answer 35

1. Pathogenic | 2. Gram-negative

Question 36

What are 2 examples of enterbacter?

Answer 36

1. E. cloacae 2. E. aerogenes - both cause UTI and nosocomial infections

Question 37

Cronobacter (2)

Answer 37

1. Pathogenic | 2. Gram-negative

Question 38

What is an example of cronobacter?

Answer 38

C. sakazakii = causes meningitis | - found in a variety of environments and food

Question 39

What are 2 examples of pasteurellales?

Answer 39

1. Pasteurella | 2. Haemophilus

Question 40

Pasteurella (3)

Answer 40

1. Non pathogenic 2. Pathogen of domestic animals 3. Gram-negative

Question 41

What is an example of pasteurella?

Answer 41

P. multocida is transmitted to humans via animal bites

Question 42

Haemophilus (4)

Answer 42

1. Pathogenic 2. Love for blood 3. Require X factor (heme) and V factor (NAD+ and NADP+) in media 4. Gram-negative

Question 43

What is an example of haemophilus?

Answer 43

H. influenzae = causes meningitis and epiglottitis

Question 44

What is an example of a deltaproteobacteria?

Answer 44

Myxococcales

Question 45

Myxococcales (4)

Answer 45

1. Non pathogenic 2. Moves by gliding and leaves a slime trail 3. Cells aggregate and form a fruiting body containing myxospores 4. Gram-negative

Question 46

What are the 6 phases in myxococcales?

Answer 46

1. Myxospores --> myxospores are resistant resting cells released from sporangioles upon favourable conditions 2. Germination --> myxospores germinate and form gram-negative vegetative cells, which divide to reproduce 3. Vegetative growth cycle --> vegetative myxobacteria are motile by gliding, forming visible slime trails 4. Aggregation --> under favourable conditions, the vegetative cells swarm to central locations, forming an aggregation 5. Mounding --> aggregation of cells heap up into a mature fruiting body, which produces myxospores packed with sporangioles