Technician Course MOD E 2016 > MOD E Tech 27 Nervous System > Flashcards

MOD E Tech 27 Nervous System Flashcards

(37 cards)

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1
Q

Functions of the Nervous System

Name functons of the nervous system

A
  1. •Receive stimuli (sensory) from outside and inside the body which are then analysed and the appropriate response produced
  2. •Convey impulses (motor) from the brain which may stimulate or depress activity in muscular, glandular and other tissues
  3. •Integrate (unify) the many different functions carried out by individual organs, tissues and cells
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2
Q

System Organisation

Central Nervous System

consists of what

A

Brain & Spinal Cord

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3
Q

System Organisation

Peripheral Nervous System

consists of What

A

12 pairs of cranial nerves,

31 pairs of spinal nerves,

Autonomic nervous system

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4
Q

Draw diagram of the perpheral and Central nervous system

A
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5
Q

Draw diagram of the perpheral, Central nervous system and Autonomics

A
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6
Q

The Autonomic Nervous System

controls what ?

A

Sympathetic & Parasympathetic

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7
Q

Components of the PNS

Draw Diagram

A
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8
Q

Sympathetic & Parasympathetic

which reactions from each

A
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9
Q

Central Nervous System

Cerebrum

Contains and does What?

A
  • 2 hemispheres
  • 4 lobes
  • Motor areas – initiate voluntary muscle contraction
  • Sensory areas
  • Special sense centres
  • Centres of “higher mental powers”
  • Thalamus & Hypothalamus
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10
Q

Cerebrum

•Each hemisphere is divided into 4 lobes

what are they

A

•Each hemisphere is divided into 4 lobes

Frontal

  • Parietal
  • Temporal
  • Occipital
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11
Q

Cerebrum

Thalamus does what

A

•Thalamus – receives sensory impulses from the body and redistributes them to the cerebrum

•

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12
Q

Cerebrum

Hypothalamus does what?

A

•Hypothalamus – controls the autonomic n.s., appetite, thirst, body temperature, emotion.

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13
Q

Cerebellum

contains what?

does what?

A
  • 2 hemispheres
  • Grey matter on the surface
  • White matter inside
  • Coordinates voluntary muscle movement
  • Maintenance of balance
  • Proprioception
  • Activities of cerebellum are involuntary
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14
Q

Brain Stem

A

Mid Brain

  • Relay station
  • Reflex centres

•

Pons

  • Relay station
  • Pneumotaxic centre
  • Apneustic centre

Medulla Oblongata

  • Below the pons
  • Continuous with spinal cord below
  • Vital centres
  • Decussation of the pyramids

Reflex centres

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15
Q

Meninges

A

3 protective membranes

  • Dura Mater
  • Arachnoid Mater
  • Pia Mater
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16
Q

Cerebrospinal Fluid

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A
  • Produced in 4 ventricles (cavities)
  • •Circulates around the brain and cord
  • •Secreted continuously – 720 ml per day
  • •Remains constant at about 120 mls
17
Q

CSF

Consists of:

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A

Consists of:

  • Water
  • Mineral salts
  • Glucose
  • Plasma proteins
  • Creatinine
  • Urea
  • leukocytes
18
Q

CSF

Functions:

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A

Functions:

  • Lubricates brain and spinal cord•
  • Supports the brain & cord, maintaining a uniform pressure
  • Acts as a shock absorber
  • Nourishes and cleans by removing toxic substances
19
Q

Spinal Cord

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A
  • Extends from medulla to upper border of L2
  • 45 cm long
  • Approx thickness of little finger
  • Protected by spinal column
  • Links brain to rest of body
  • Conveys sensory and motor nerve impulses
  • Acts as centre of reflex action
20
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

P.N.S

Made up of what

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A
  • 31 pairs of spinal nerves
  • 12 pairs of cranial nerves
  • The autonomic nervous system
  • Sensory (afferent) nerves
  • Motor (efferent) nerves

Mixed nerves

21
Q

what are efferent and afferent nerves?

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A
  • Sensory (afferent) nerves
  • Motor (efferent) nerves
22
Q

Spinal Nerves

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A

31 pairs of spinal nerves

  • 8 cervical
  • 12 thoracic
  • 5 lumbar
  • 5 sacral
  • 1 coccygeal
23
Q

Spinal Nerves

Spinal nerves leave the vertebra via

Study These Flashcards
A

•Spinal nerves leave the vertebra via intervertebral foramen corresponding with their position on the spinal column

•

•This is with the exception of the 1st cervical pair which leaves between the occipital bone and atlas

24
Q

Cranial Nerves

how many

do what

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A
  • 12 pairs
  • Relay sensory information such as sight, taste, hearing and smell to specialised areas in the brain
  • Relay information relating to touch, temperature and pain from the head and neck
  • Control motor functions of muscles around the head and neck
  • Autonomic control of many internal organs by the vagus nerve, the only cranial nerve to extend beyond the neck
25
Autonomic Nervous System
* Regulates activities of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle & glands * Effects are rapid and essential for homeostasis * Carries out activities ***_automatically/involuntarily_*** i.e. without conscious control * Also known as visceral efferent system * Function ***_generally motor_***
26
Autonomic Nervous System Sensory (afferent) neurons carry impulses from ? efferent) neurons that convey impulses from CNS to ?
•Sensory (afferent) neurons carry impulses from viscera (organs) • •Motor (efferent) neurons that convey impulses from CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands
27
Autonomic Nervous System Two divisions:
Two divisions: •Sympathetic Nerves (Thoracolumbar outflow) • •Parasympathetic Nerves (Craniosacral outflow)
28
Sympathetic Nerves ## Footnote (Thoracolumbar outflow) other name
•Sympathetic Nerves (Thoracolumbar outflow)
29
Autonomic Nervous System ## Footnote (Craniosacral outflow)
Parasympathetic Nerves
30
Homostasis is a dynamic balance between Autonomic branches which are
•Sympathetic Nerves (Thoracolumbar outflow) • •Parasympathetic Nerves (Craniosacral outflow)
31
Sympathetic
* Predominates during stress * “Fight or flight” * Stimulates the heart, circulation & respiration * Inhibits peristalsis * Noradrenaline
32
Parasympathetic
* Predominates during rest * “Rest and digest” * Slows the heart, circulation and respiration * Stimulates digestion * Acetylcholine
33
Terminology
* Paraplegia * Tetraplegia / Quadriplegia * Hemiplegia * Monoplegia * Meningitis
34
Terminology
35
•Identify the sympathetic effects of the autonomic nervous system on the following structures: a) Heart b) Air passages (bronchioles) c) Blood vessels d) Organs of digestion (stomach and small intestine) e) Eye
36
•Identify the parasympathetic effects of the autonomic nervous system on the following structures: a) Heart b) Air passages (bronchioles) c) Blood vessels d) Organs of digestion (stomach and small intestine) e) Eye
37
•Identify 3 drugs available for use by an Ambulance Technician that have similar effects on the body to those of the Autonomic Nervous System
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