Module 1

Question 1

Principles that have been used to define abnormality

Answer 1

Statistical concept; personal distress; personal dysfunction; violation of nomrs; diagnosis by an expert

Question 2

Statistical Concept

Answer 2

Occurs infrequently in the population. Not all infrequent thoughts should be judged as abnormal (Innovative ideas, athletic powers)

Question 3

Personal Distress

Answer 3

Report feeling distressed most of the time

Question 4

Personal Dysfunction

Answer 4

Behaviour is maladaptive - it interferes with appropriate functioning

Question 5

Violation of Norms

Answer 5

Counter to what we might consider appropriate

Question 6

Diagnosis by an Expert

Answer 6

Before we consider this an issue, a professional in the mental health field should be involved

Question 7

Greek and Roman Thought

Answer 7

Hippocrates; Plato; Aristotle

Question 8

Hippocrates

Answer 8

Believed that mental disorders had a natural cause - denied belief that it was due to Gods or demins

Question 9

Somatogenesis

Answer 9

The idea that psychopathology is caused by biological factors - (soma = body in Latin)

Question 10

Treatment (Hippocrates)

Answer 10

Quiet life, vegetarian diet, healthful exercise, abstinence from alcohol. If this did not work they would use humours (vomiting and bleeding)

Question 11

Humurous

Answer 11

Ill - Temper = yellow bile, gloom = black bile, Listlessness = phlegm

Question 12

Hysteria

Answer 12

Hippocrates were first to claim. Now known as conversion disorder - psychologically induced blindness, deafness, o other apparent deficits in perceptual or bodily processes

Question 13

Dreams (Hippocrates)

Answer 13

Thought to be important in understanding why a person was suffering from a mental disorder

Question 14

Plato

Answer 14

Emphasized sociocultural influence on though and behavior. Believed mentally disturbed people should not be held responsible for actions and should be cared for at the homes of relatives

Question 15

Dreams (Plato)

Answer 15

Served to satisfy desires because the inhibiting influences of higher faculties were not present during sleep

Question 16

Aristotle

Answer 16

Advocated for the humane treatment of mental patients. Accepted Hippocrates bodily fluids theory and denied influence of psychological factors in etiology of dysfunctional thinking and behaving

Question 17

Methodism

Answer 17

Regarded mental illness as a disorder that resulted either from a construction of body tissue, or from a relaxation of those tissues due to exhaustion

Question 18

Europe in the Middle Ages

Answer 18

Belief in supernatural origins - demonic possession and presence of witchcraft

Question 19

Treatment (Europe)

Answer 19

Done through exorcism, meant to drive out evil forces

Question 20

St. Vitus Dance

Answer 20

Epidemic of mass hysteria where groups of people would suddenly be seized by an irresistible urge to leap around jumping, dancing and sometimes convulsing

Question 21

Beginning of a Scientific Approach

Answer 21

St Teresa; St Vincent de Paul; Philippe Pinel; Emil Kraepelin

Question 22

St Teresa

Answer 22

Believed mentally disturbed individuals were sick, not possessed

Question 23

St Vincent de Paul

Answer 23

Believed mental and physical health were not different

Question 24

Phillipe Pinel

Answer 24

ADvocated for better conditions for the mentally ill. Began a systematic and scientific classification system for mental illness emphasizing psychological and social contribution

Question 25

Emil Kraepelin

Answer 25

The first to begin a classification system for disoders

Question 26

Classification Systems

Answer 26

Reliability; Inter rater reliability; Validity; Concurrent Validity; Predictive Validity

Question 27

Reliability

Answer 27

Diagnostic system must give the same measurement every time (ex. weighing yourself on a scale)

Question 28

Inter rater reliability

Answer 28

Extent to which two clinicians agree on the diagnosis

Question 29

Validity

Answer 29

Determined by whether a diagnostic category is able to predict behavioural and psychiatric disorders accurately

Question 30

Concurrent Validity

Answer 30

Ability of diagnostic category to estimate an individuals present standing on factors related to the disorder but not themselves part of the diagnostic criteria (Ex. although significant academic underachievement and a downward drift in socioeconomic status are not diagnostic items for schizophrenia, they are found in most people with it)

Question 31

Predictive Validity

Answer 31

The ability of a test to predict the future course of an individual's development