Resilience
- Defined by WHO as the ability to realize aspirations, satisfy needs, and cope with the environment.
- The health promotion movement of the 1980s was fostered by the WHO
Components of Resilience
- Social resources (support networks).
- Personal resources (health practices, coping skills).
- Physical resources (health, ability).
- Protective factors: academic achievement, self-esteem, emotional regulation, family support, mentors
Resilience and Protective Factors
A protective factor is → a characteristic at the biological, psychological, family, or community (including peers and culture) level that is associated with a lower likelihood of problem outcomes or that reduces the negative impact of a risk factor on problem outcomes
Examples of common protective factors
- Academic achievement
- High self esteem
- Emotional self regulation
- Good coping skills and problem-solving skills
- Presence of mentors
Social Conditions and Health
Determinants are conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age → they play a key role in determining a population’s health
Social Conditions and Health - Personal Behaviour
- Lifestyle
- Relationships
Social Conditions and Health - Psychosocial Economic Environment
- Unemployment
- Education
- Healthcare Services
- Work Environment
Social Conditions and Health - Physical Environment
- Housing
- Agriculture and Food production
- Water and Sanitation
- Living and Working Conditions
Social Conditions and Health - Human Biology
Genetic predispositions
Cultural variation in frameworks
Social conditions associated with health can be represented differently depending on culture, context, time period
Canada’s 14 SDHs
- Gender
- Disability
- Housing
- Early life
- Income & income distribution
- Education
- Race
- Employment & working conditions
- Social exclusion
- Food insecurity
- Social safety net
- Health services
- Unemployment & job security
- Indigenous status
Relative Contributions to Health
- 50% – Life factors (income, housing, food, social inclusion, race, gender, Indigenous status)
- 25% – Healthcare (access, affordability to care system )
- 15% – Biology/genetics (family history, genetics)
- 10% – Environment (air, water, safety, access to clean water, access to sustainable and healthy food)
Upstream vs Downstream
- Upstream: Preventing causes (e.g., cancer screening).
- Downstream: Treats problems (e.g., chemotherapy).
- Health problem: cancer
The Relationship Between Health and Wealth
- In 2016, Health Quality Ontario published a paper → Income and Health: Opportunities to achieve health equity in Ontario
- The paper compared the poorest and richest people in Ontario using 5 income levels to show the impact that income has on health
- Numerous health indicators were graphed in relation to income
- The poorest 20% of the population showed worse health than the richest 20%
The Relationship Between Health and Wealth - Health
49.4% of the lowest income earners in Ontario reported their health status as excellent to very good, compared with 72.9% of the richest people, and 61.9% for Ontario overall
The Relationship Between Health and Wealth - Mental Health
- People living in the lower income neighborhood’s in Ontario account for nearly twice the total number of visits to the emergency department for mental illness or addiction compared with people living in the richest neighborhood’s
- 104,494 vs 54,457 visits over a 3 year period
The Relationship Between Health and Wealth - Life Expectancy
- Women living in the lower income neighbourhoods in the province die more than 2 years earlier than women living in the richest neighborhoods
- Men living in the poorest neighborhoods in Ontario die 5 years earlier than men living in the richest neighborhoods
Gapminder Findings
Hans Rosling used Gapminder to identiy the relationship between health and wealth over the past 2 centuries → Rosling provides hope that with hard work, every subsection of society can make it closer to the ‘rich and healthy’ corner
4 factors that are required for all populations to become rich and healthy
- Time
- Trade
- Peace
- Green technology
Resilience
- Definition: Ability to adapt and thrive despite adversity.
- Protective factors: Academic achievement, high self-esteem, self-regulation, problem-solving skills, engagement (school, peers, culture), supportive family, mentors.
Wealth & Health
- Ontario data: Poorer individuals have worse self-reported health, higher ER visits for mental illness, and shorter life expectancy.
- Hans Rosling’s Gapminder: To become rich & healthy, societies need time, trade, peace, green technology.
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