Module 3 Section 5

Question 1

Millennium Development Goals and Sustainable Development Goals

Answer 1

• At the Millennium Summit of the United Nations (U N) in 2000, 189 U N member states and 23 international organizations agreed to adopt eight international development goals, known as the Millennium Development Goals (M D Gs). These goals aimed to meet the needs of the world’s less fortunate. In 2015, the M D Gs were expanded into the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (S D Gs).
• This section provides an overview of the eight M D Gs and the 17 S D Gs.

Question 2

Millennium Development Goals

Answer 2

The M D Gs were set in 2000 and were to be achieved by 2015. The M D Gs had measurement data associated with them that dated back to 1990

Question 3

Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger

Answer 3

• To halve the proportion of people whose daily income is less than $1.25
• To achieve full and productive employment, as well as decent work for all, including young people and women
• To halve the proportion of individuals suffering from hunger in the period between 1990 and 2015

Question 4

MDG Goal 2

Answer 4

• Archive Universal Primary Education
• To ensure that children universally - including both boys and girls - will be able to complete a full course of primary education by 2015

Question 5

MDG Goal 3

Answer 5

• Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women
• To eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education by 2005, and in all levels of education by 2015

Question 6

MDG Goal 4

Answer 6

• Reduce Child Mortality
• To reduce the under-five mortality rate by two-thirds in the period between 1990 and 2015

Question 7

MDG Goal 5

Answer 7

• Improve Maternal Health
• To reduce the maternal mortality ratio by 75 percent.
• To reduce the maternal mortality ratio by 75 percent.

Question 8

MDG Goal 6

Answer 8

• Combat H I V / AIDS, Malaria, and Other Diseases
• To halt and start to reverse the spread of H I V / AIDS by 2015.
• To achieve global access to treatment for H I V / AIDS for those who need it by 2010.
• To have ceased and started reversal of the incidence of malaria and other major diseases by 2015.

Question 9

MDG Goal 7

Answer 9

• Ensure Environmental Sustainability
• To integrate the principles of sustainable development into every nation’s policies and programmes, and also reverse the depletion of environmental resources
• To reduce biodiversity loss and achieve a substantial reduction in the rate of loss by 2010
• To halve the proportion of the universal population without sustainable access to clean and safe drinking water and basic sanitation by 2015

Question 10

MDG 2015 Report

Answer 10

The 15-year period of the M D Gs came to an end in 2015. Data obtained from M D G program evaluations were analyzed and the findings were reported in the Millennium Development Goals Report 2015. Despite the M D G successes, report findings identified challenges for particular populations.

Question 10

MDG Goal 8

Answer 10

• A Global Partnership for Development
• To further develop an open, predictable, rule-based, non-discriminatory trading and economic system
• To address the special needs of the least developed countries
• To deal exhaustively with the debt problems of developing nations.
• To provide access to affordable essential drugs in the developing world - in collaboration with pharmaceutical companies
• To avail benefits of new technologies, especially information and communications, in collaboration with the private sector

Question 11

MDGs and the Social Determinants of Health

Answer 11

The MDG Report emphasizes the critical role that social determinants of health (S D H) play in influencing the well-being of the most vulnerable populations. According to the report, the two SDHs that negatively affect people’s health globally are gender inequality and income gaps

Question 12

Gender Inequality

Answer 12

• Compared to men, women face greater discrimination in
• Access to work
• Access to economic assets
• Participation in private and public decision-making
• Women are also more likely to live in poverty than men

Question 13

Income Gap

Answer 13

• There is a large income gap between the least wealthy and most wealthy households. This income gap impacts development and health of children in the following ways
• Children from the poorest 20% of households are more than twice as likely to be developmentally stunted as those from the wealthiest 20%
• Children in this poorest 20% are four times as likely to not be enrolled in school compared to the richest households
• Under-five mortality rates are almost twice as high for children in the poorest 20% of households compared to children in the richest

Question 14

Sustainable Development Goals

Answer 14

1. no poverty
2. zero hunger
3. good health and well being
4. quality education
5. gender equality
6. clean water and sanitation
7. affordable and clean energy
8. decent work and economic growth
9. industry, innovation, and infrastructure
10. reduced inequality
11. sustainable cities and communities
12. responsible consumption and production
13. climate action
14. life below water
15. life on land
16. peace, justice and strong institutions
17. partnerships for the goals