Module 12

Question 1

What’s the RBT Task Number?
implement interventions based on modification of antecedents such as motivation/establishing operations and discriminative stimuli

Answer 1

RBT Task D-03

Question 2

manipulate events in the environment that occur efore the behavior and alter those events to change the behavior

Answer 2

antecedent interventions

Question 3

antecedent interventions help to prevent…

Answer 3

behaviors from occurring instead of reacting to them after they occur

Question 4

how are antecedents manipulated (2)

Answer 4

through manipulating motivating operations and discriminative stimuli

Question 5

MO’s (2)

Answer 5

• increase the VALUE of a consequence (stimulus)

- decrease the VALUE of a consequence

Question 6

Establishing operations (EO’s) (2)

Answer 6

• increase the value

- make the behavior more likely

Question 7

Abolishing operations (2)

Answer 7

• decrease the value

- make behavior less likely

Question 8

AO’s and EO’s are types of…

Answer 8

MO’s

Question 9

Noncontingent Reinforcement (NCR)

Answer 9

• AKA: time based stimulus delivery
• the reinforcer is delivery “for free” based on the passage of time to satiate the clients desire for the reinforcer
• stimulus delivered is linked to the function of the behavior
  
  • decrease the EO for attention/access/ escape/ sensory stimulation

Question 10

NCR: attention (3)

Answer 10

• provide attention after a specific amount of time, regardless of what the learner is doing at that time
• the learner no longer has to engage in prob behavior to get attention
• attenton is provided “for free”

Question 11

NCR: escape (3)

Answer 11

• provide escape after a specific amount of time regardless of what the learner is doing at the time
• the learner no longer has to engage in prob behavior to get escape
• a break (escape ) is provided “for free”

Question 12

NCR: sensory stimuli

Answer 12

• sensory stimulation is delivered after a specific amount of time has passed
• learner no longer has to engage in problem behavior to get sensory stimulation
• sensory stimulation is provided ‘for free’

Question 13

NCR Summary

EO manipulation

Answer 13

decreases the motivation for the reinforcer

Question 14

What makes NCR an effective antecedent intervention? (2)

Answer 14

• they’re getting what the want for free

- it decreases the MO for the individual to engage in the target prob behavior to get the reinforcer

Question 15

environmental enrichment (3)

Answer 15

• adding reinforcers to the environment prior to the occurrence of prob behavior
• Decrease EO for the reinforcer (act as an abolishing operation)
• decrease likelihood prob behavior will occur

Question 16

task modification is used for…

Answer 16

behavior maintained by escape

Question 17

4 general strategies for task modification

Answer 17

1. alter materials
2. reduce effort required
3. Make the demand more predictable
4. deliver the demand at a diff time

Question 18

Stimulus Fading In (3)

Answer 18

• demand initially presented at the lowest level of difficulty that does not cause prob behavior
  
  • ie a decrease in the duration and/or # of demands presented
• as long as prob behavior remains low, the difficulty of the demand is slowly increased

Question 19

High Probability Instructional Sequence (continued)

Answer 19

-AKA ‘High-P’; may also be called behavioral momentum

Question 20

RBT Task D-05

Answer 20

implement extinction procedures

Question 21

Extinction Procedures (4)

Answer 21

• attention extinction
• tangible extinction
• escape extinction
• extinction for automatically reinforced behavior

Question 22

sensory extinction procedure

Answer 22

when the prob behavior occurs, block or ‘mask’ the sensory stimulation that the behavior typically produces

Question 23

In extinction, reinforcement of previously reinforced response is …

Answer 23

withheld

Question 24

what is required to implement extinction

Answer 24

knowledge of the reinforcer and abiity to withhold the reinforcer

Question 25

differential reinforcement involves two components

Answer 25

1. reinforcement for some responses | 2. extinction (not reinforcing other responses)

Question 26

2 applications of differential reinforcement | Based on either...(4)

Answer 26

environmental stimulus conditions -reinforced behavior under certain conditions and not other conditions OR -Behavior -reinforced one behavior and not others

Question 27

Note on differentail reinforcement

Answer 27

- might not always include extinction | - extinction might not be safe to use, depending on target behavior

Question 28

Other components of differential reinforcement could include... (2)

Answer 28

- punishment | - less reinforcement

Question 29

4 differential reinforcement procedures

Answer 29

- Differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO) - Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA) - ....of incompatible behavior (DRI) - ...of low rates of responding (DRL)

Question 30

DRO (2)

Answer 30

- reinforcer delivered if prob behavior does NOT occur for a specific period of time - used to decrease rate of prob behavior `

Question 31

Things you need to know for implementation of DRO (3)

Answer 31

- target behavior - reinforcer - DRO interval

Question 32

DRO interval

Answer 32

time period during which behavior needs to NOT occur

Question 33

Implementing DRO | Reinforcement is based upon...

Answer 33

the absence of problem behavior

Question 34

One catch with DRO

Answer 34

does not specify what the learner should be doing instead

Question 35

DRA (2)

Answer 35

- only deliver reinforcement whenever an appropriate, alternative response occurs - used to decrease the rate of prob behavior and increase an appropriate, alternative behavior at the SAME TIME

Question 36

Things need to know for implementation of DRA (3)

Answer 36

- target prob behavior - alternative behavior - reinforcer

Question 37

Catch with DRA (2)

Answer 37

- the same reinforcer that maintains the problem behavior is now only delivered for the appropriate, alternative behavior - it competes with the prob behavior

Question 38

Functional Communication Training (FCT) (3)

Answer 38

- type of DRA - communication response is taught to replace the problem behavior - only deliver the reinforcer whenever the communicative response occurs

Question 39

Type of communication responses taught in FCT (4)

Answer 39

- sign language - picture exchange system - vocal language - voice output devices

Question 40

In a DRA procedure, the appropriate alternative behavior should always ...

Answer 40

compete with the target problem behavior

Question 41

Differeintial reinforcement for incompatible behavior (2)

Answer 41

- reinforcement delivered for a response that is physically incompatible w/the target prob behavior - used to decrease the rate of the problem

Question 42

Differential Reinforcement of Low Rates of Responding (DRL)(2)

Answer 42

-Reinforcement is delivered if the target behavior occurs at or below a specific number of times in a given time period

Question 43

DRL is used to...

Answer 43

decrease behaviors that are occurring too much

Question 44

Things need to know for implementaton of DRL (3)

Answer 44

- target behavior - reinforcer - max number (criterion for reinforcement

Question 45

D-03

Answer 45

implement interventions based on modification of antecedents such as motivation/establishing operations and discriminatve stimuli

Question 46

D-04

Answer 46

implement differential reinforcement procedures

Question 47

the two processes typically involved in differential reinfrocement procedures

Answer 47

- reinfrocement | - extinction

Question 48

interventions that manipulate events in the environment that occur before the behavior and alter those events to change behavior

Answer 48

antecedent interventions

Question 49

attention is withheld following an occurrence of problem behavior

Answer 49

attention extinction

Question 50

behavior reduction procedure in which the functional reinforcer is delivered if the problem behavior does not occur for a specific time period

Answer 50

DRO

Question 51

antecedent intervention in which the learner is allowed to pick various aspects of activities and tasks which can make the task more preferred or enjoyable

Answer 51

provide choice

Question 52

antecedent interventions help to prevent problem behavior by

Answer 52

using abolishing operations (AOs) to decrease the value of whatever reinforcer maintains the problem behavior