pairing
the process of associating yourself with good, fun things
what does pairing decrease
the value of escape
how do I know pairing is working (7)
- imitation of movement or vocals
- approaches
- reaches for items
- follows
- looks
- tolerates talkng
- accepts items from you
types of preference assessments
2 general was to conduct preference assessments
- indirect (client or caregiver report)
2. Direct preference assessment
Direct Preference Assessments (3)
- systematic preference assessment
- includes a # of procedural variations
- typically approach or duration-based measures to determine preferred items
Types of direct preference assessments (4)
- free-operant
- single item (aka single-stimulus)
- paired stimulus (aka forced choice)
- multiple-stimulus
direct preference single item (2)
- approach method
- duration method
Direct preference multiple stimulus (2)
- MSW (multiple-stimulus w/ replacement)
- MSWO (multiple-stimulus wo replacement
Single item (single stimulus) approach method (4)
- place items, one at a time, in front of the person
- mark whether they approach, avoid or make no response to the item
- reported as a % of approaches
- (# of approaches/trials item was presented) x 100
one of the logical considerations for single stimulus approach method
present each item at least 3 times
paired-stimulus (forced-choice) prefernce assessment (4)
- continue to pair until each item is paired at least once w/every other item
- record which of two items they select or if neither item is selected or if neither selected
- reported as a percentage of selections
- (# of selections/ trials item was presented) x 100
paired-stimulus (forced-choice) prefernce assessment (2)
-record which of two items they select or if neither item is selected or if neither selected
- selection of ONE item= brief access
- attempts to select BOTH item= blocked
Multiple-stimulus preference assessments (3)
- present 3-7 items simultaneously
- participants select one item from all presented items (or remaining items) during each trial
- two variations
Two variations of Multiple-Stimulus preference assessments
- w/replacement (MSW)
- w/o replacement (MSWO)
Multiple Stimulus W/ Replacement (MSW) (5)
- present all items simultaneously
- say “choose one”
- record which item is selected after each trial
- selected items are retured to the array for th next trial
- reported as a % of times selected
MSWO is for common for
multiple stimulus preference assessment
reporting for MSWO (2)
reported as a ranking/hierarchy
-items selected first are most preferred
unconditioned (primary) reinforcers
are effective at producing behavior change w/o prior learning (pairing)
ie food, water
conditioned reinforcers
those things that have become reinforcing through pairing
building new reinforcers
transitioning away from harmful reinforcers-condtioning new reinforcers
examples of transitioning away from harmful reinforcers-condtioning new reinforcers
pair sugary snack with praise to establish praise as a reinforcer
two specific schedules of reinforcement provide the boundaries between which all oher possible schedules fall (2)
- extinction
- continuous reinforcement
extinction
-actually a schedule of non-reinforcement; no occurence of the behavior is ever reinforced
continuous schedule of reinforcement (CRF) (3)
- every single response is reinforced
- this is he most reinforcement a response can earn
- generally establshes or strengthens a new behavior
